An Analysis On Comparison And Influence Factors Of The Urban-Rural Income Inequality Among Regions

After 30 years of reform and development,China has achieved leaping transform of a series of social economy development.The social and economy has achived great development and progress and people's lives have achieved significant improvement.We have basically completed the transition from the traditional planed economy system to a market economy constitution and gradually entered into the ranks of middle-income countries from the low-income countries.The region income gap of urban and rural continues to expand when the overall income level of urban and rural continuous improving and it becomes the centralized reflection of main contraditions of the dual society and economy structure.Rural residents didn't enjoy the same fruits of rapid economic development with city residents in the process of rapid development.Differences in the issues of regional development in the widespread economic phenomenon in every country in the process of economic development.However,due to the combined effect of natral factors such as geographic location and political factors such as policy system,inter-regional development in China is very uncoordinated.The development gap is increasing,the region gap between urban and rural is expanding.Too large gap goes against social security and stability,it will become the barrier to social and economic development.Therefore,the analysis of the urban-rural income inequality among regions areas has important practical significance of building a harmonious society in China.This paper mainly focus on the region urban-rural income inequality among regions and first we have a comparative analysis on the region urban-rural income inequality among regions.We have found that the urban-rural income inequality among regions has experienced a track of "shrinking-expanding-shrinking-further expanding-reshrinking" in the analysis on the history of the evolution of the urban-rural income inequality among regions.On the basis of that we have summed up several features of the urban-rural income inequality among regions of China.Throuth of the comparison of the urban-rural income inequality among regions,we have found that the gap between the east region is the widest,then the west region and the smallest in the middle region.But through the compared of the region relative urban-rural income inequality including the income ratio of urban-rural income inequality among regions and the estimates of the Theil indes,we have found that the gap between the west region is the widest,then the middle region and the smallest in the east region but the comparison results don't contradict.The wage income gap has the highest contribution to the urban-rural income inequality through the analysis of income structure of urban and rural.Although the contribution of the opetating income is nagative,it's effect of narrow the urban-rural income inequality rezidents continues to reduct.The rate of property income is low in the income of urban and rural rezidents and its contribution is low.The transfer income gap has made great contribution to the urban-rural income inequality because of the long-term segmentation between urban and rural in China.On the basis of the above analysis this paper has a further study on the reason of the urban-rural income inequality among regions and has a quantitative analysis on the perspective of the opening up,fiscal expenditure,urbanization and human capital.First through the research of the urban-rural income inequality among regions and the opening up we have found that the foreign direct investment has raised the income of the urban residents due to the direction of changes,the foreigh investment has expended the urban-rural income inequality.But relationship hasn't established in the middle and west regions as the foreign direct investment has a agglomeration in the east.Imports also expendes the urban-rural income inequality which is related to the product structure of the imports and this effect is more significant of the performance in the east region.Exports in China are mostly labor-intensive products and this provides employment opportunities for low skilled workers thus the export trade has narrowed the urban-rural income inequality to some extent and this effect has a more significant role in the east region.The performance of fiscal expenditure on the urban-rural income inequality among regions is like this:the capital construction expenditure has expanded the urban-rural income inequality all over the country which may be associated with urban tendency of the capital construction expenditure.But its impact on the urban-rural income inequality among regions is different,the impact of the capital construction expenditure on the urban-rural income inequality among regions in the middle and west region is similar to the impact on the country.But the capital construction expenditure in the east region has reduced the urban-rural income inequality.The impact of the science,education,culture and sanitation expenditure on the urban-rural income inequality are also different.The impatc on the west region is similar to the impact on the country,the science,education,culture and sanitation expenditure has enlarged the urban-rural income inequality.Howerev,its impact on the east and middle region has reduced the urban-rural income inequality because of the urban devition of the country,the science,education,culture and sanitation expenditure.It has promoted the human capital and increased the income of the urban region and it is more significant in the relatively developed west region,while the distribution of this financial resource is relatively reasonable between urban and rural in the east and middle region.The positive effect of the social security expenditure on the urban-rural income inequality isn't significant.The impact of the social security expenditure has reduced the urban-rural income inequality in the east and middle region while enlarged the income gap in the west region.The enlarged impact of the administration expenditure on the urban-rural income inequality is universal which is related with the direction and its service objects of the administration expenditure.Similar to the impact on the country the finacial suport to agriculture in east and middle region has reduced the urban-rural income inequality while in the west region the finacial suport to agriculture is increasing but the urban-rural income inequality is enlarged.The research of the impact of the urbanization on the urban-rural income inequality has shown that the urbanization has reduced the urban-rural income inequality in general.But the impact of the urbanization on the urban-rural income inequality is different in different region.The urbanization has reduced the urban-rural income inequality in the east and middle region to some extant while it has enlarged the urban-rural income inequality in the west region although it has lag impact.The building of industrialization has provided employment opportunities for the rural surplus labor force and it has reduced the urban-rural income inequality in general while the impact of industrialization to the urban-rural income inequality is different in different region.The industrialization in the east region is inclined to reduce the urban-rural income inequality but the industrialization in the middle and west region has enlarged the urban-rural income inequality though the impact is not so significant.The cross-term of the industrialization and urbanization has also enlarged the urban-rural income inequality and it is related to the urban cluster of the industry.The impact is not significant in the east region while it has significantly enlarged the urban-rural income inequality in the middle and west region.At last the paper has a research on the urban-rural income inequality among regions and human capital.From the quantitative results of the nation and the regions we have found that the average years of education and the urban-rural income inequality have shown "inverted U-shaped" reliationship and China is on the left side of the critical point.The average years of education has enlarged the urban-rural income inequality at the present time and the differerce among the three regions is that the critical points are different.The education Gini coefficient and the urban-rural income inequality have shown "U-shaped" reliationship and because we are on the left side of the critical point,the education inequality has reduced the urban-rural income inequality.The propotion of education expenditure account for the financial has enlarged the urban-ural income inequality in general and it is related to the lack of investment and the unreasonable structure of education for a long time.While it'impact is different in different regions.Education expendition has reduced the urban-rural income inequality in the east and middle regions while enlarged the urban-rural income inequality in the west region.The urban-rural income inequality among regions is an inevitable phenomenon in economic development and the appropriate gap is beineficial to development.But with the development of economy and the progression of social,the urban-rural income inequality among regions is growing larger and larger.This trend may become the obstacle of building the harmonious society in China.We hope that this analysis could able to provide theoretical and empirical support for the macro-control policies in order to reduce the urban-rural income inequality among regions.