The Change Of Indigenous Organizational Leadership Pattern Under The Background Of System Transformation

In the researches of Chinese organization,guanxi and the differential mode of association have been some important focus.But the cross-cultural perspective and indigenous perspective both neglect the systematic background of guanxi practice in Chinese organization,so they can't pay attention to the different structural conformation and substantial results of guanxi practice.This research is one case analysis to the thirty years development of some reformed state-owned enterprise.By exploring the change of organizational leadership pattern from state enterprise to civic enterprise,we can see that the guanxi practice have different essential meaning and functional orientation.From the narration of this case,we can see that in the organizational practice under the background of system transformation,the differential mode of association presents different quality of privative guanxi and structural conformation.In the 80s,the factory was implemented by the manager-responsibility system directed by the party committee,so that privative guanxi penetrated into the administrative patron-client relation,which engendered clique structure among different leaders struggling for more power and influence.The patron-client relation presents the guanxi-adhering character which is power-pursuing by the subordinate to the superior.The loyalty by the subordinate to the superior is the nucleus value,so that the organization leadership model appears like Centralization-Leadership.In the 90s,the factory mechanism turns from the manager-responsibility system to shareholding cooperative system,while the clique structure still existed and gradually diminished.Especially after the first reform,the property right is averagely shared by the workers,so that the popularity-relation stands out which is based on crowd attitude under the vote politics.The guanxi-lassoing prevailed such as blandishing or balancing by the superior to the subordinate,so the harmony by the superior to the subordinate is the dominant value,which presents the fundamental character of Popularity-Leadership.Since the second reform in 2000,the interior property right has been centralized and exterior market has been maturated,and the enterprise has been reformed into private enterprise in which the contractual relation between the superior and the subordinate has also turned to friendship-relation,so that the organization has transformed into guanxi-community in which the entrepreneur is in the center who has mutual benefit with the skeleton talents.In the open guanxi-community,the contractual friendship-relation presents comparatively equal character of guanxi-dynamics,and the bidirectional obligation of friendship is the nucleus value,which takes on the essential character of Sensible Leadership.Although the case can't represents the whole transformation of Chinese society or enterprise organization for the thirty years,but the comparative meaning of typology is obvious.In the transformation of organizational leadership of Centralization-Leadership,Popularity-Leadership and Sensible Leadership,it turns up the selective adaptability of different cultural tradition such as Legalism,Daoism and Confucianism under different system circumstances.On the whole,the clique structure or the guanxi-community is conformed to different system circumstances which indicate that guanxi practice has the positive or negative influence on organizational performance.The personal guanxi practice inside the organization always composes the substitute for the standard organizational institution.For example,the personal guanxi leadership hiding in the guanxi-community is frequently difficult to change into enterprise bureaucracy for the long-term development.So the personal leadership lacking the long-term institutional safeguard is the grave crisis for the enterprise future development,which maybe the developmental crisis for some medium and small sized enterprises in China.