| As an important part of the national economy and modern service sector,tourism industry plays a unique role in expending domestic demand,stimulating economy growth,increasing employment,reducing poverty as well as benefiting people’s everyday life.Nowadays,the whole society’s perception towards tourism industry has been getting more and more abundant,while more and more new requirements and expectations are also endowed with it.In practice,acting as an efficient synergetic development pattern,through its strong integrating function,tourism industry has shown its great value on regional economy,culture,society,and ecological development.However,political circles,academic communities and industry circles payed little attention to tourism development performance,which plays a important role of increasing the concordance,amalgamation,diversity and resilience of the regional development.Therefore,it is theoretically and practically meaningful to clarify the concept,identify the characteristics,and set up a scientific evaluation system of tourism development performance,as well as to analyze its spatial pattern and evolution mechanism to propose appropriate optimizing methods.Centered with a research approach called "1-3-6-5 thoughts",namely "Around 1 theme,composed with 3 sections,progress with 6 steps and based on 5 theories",the study is divided into 9 chapters."Around 1 theme" refers to the overall research objective known as "Tourism Development Performance of Yangtze River Economic Belt".To achieve the research target,definitions about performance and tourism performance were discussed at the first place,then,a comprehensive evaluation system was built.Finally,with the data collected from year 2004,2007,2010 and 2013,a temporal-spatial evolution analysis was carried out."Composed with 3 sections" means to answer 3 essential questions as "what is tourism performance?" "Why there are tourism development performance spatial differences in Yangtze River Economic Belt?" and "How to optimize the tourism spatial development performance of the Yangtze River Economic Belt?" Guided with the logic thread of "problem understanding,problem analysis and problem solving",the study is grouped into 3 sections:cognitive study(chapter 1～4),mechanism analysis(chapter 5～7)and optimizing research(chapter 8)."Progress with 6 steps" stands for the 6 research procedures as following:first,to clarify the research starting point,second,to build up a analysis framework,third,to determine main characteristics of essentials,fourth,to present the evolution trend,fifth,to analyze the evolution mechanism,sixth,to propose optimizing path."Based on 5 theories" refers to the applying of 5 classical theories as flowing:①the theory of space structure,which is applied to explore the spatial pattern of regional tourism development performance;②the theory of value chain,which is mainly used to analyze the comprehensive performance of regional tourism development;③the theory of social interaction,which is applied to inspect the social service function of tourism development;④the theory of acculturation,which is used to examine cultural function of the regional tourism development;⑤the theory of ecological civilization,which is used to explain the ecological support of tourism development.The main conclusions are as follow:(1)Multi-factored,multi-dimensional,dynamical and measurable,the tourism development performance is the contributions that tourism industry devoted to the region’s economical,cultural,social,and ecological development.Tourism development performance is determined by internal and external influential factors,so that the evaluation of the performance should be rooted in multi-dimensions and levels to reflect the performance as thoughtful and thorough as possible.(2)As tourism development performance is a complex full-element system,to evaluate it,the indicator system must focus on the concept of performance,and fully reflect the characteristics of all aspects around it.The indicator system should include factors that represent basic information of different regions such as territory size,economic scale and population,and factors that are able to indicate the developing potentials,and factors should be grouped into different levels.(3)Under different temporal and spatial scales,the performance of Yangtze River Economic Belt tourism development shows obvious difference,which is summarized as Strong East,Soft West and weak Middle Pattern.Firstly,the performance of all the 11 provinces of Yangtze River economic belt has been improving through 2004 to 2013(4 years are examined,i.e.year 2004,2007,2010,and 2013).The most efficient region is the Yangtze River Delta region,which includes Shanghai city,Zhejiang province,Jiangsu province,etc.,and then the south-west region is followed,which includes Yunnan province,Sichuan province,and Chongqing city,etc.,then the middle region is followed,which includes Hubei province,Hunan province and Jiangxi province,etc.Secondly,an obvious U-shaped trend line is emerged showing that a strong upward trend of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Thirdly,the Getis-Ord Gi*statistics show significant solidification phenomenon that high values are gathered in Yangtze River Delta region,suggesting a hot spot of performance,while Hubei and Hunan province are cold spots.Fourthly,the coupling coordination level suggests a significant inner-regional integrality and inter-regional difference,and most provinces and cities are still located in primary stage of coordination.(4)The spatial evolution of tourism development performance is the combined outcome of internal and external impact factors.A spatial evolution model was built up of economic factors,social factors,cultural factors and ecological factors;The SEM model is formed by index that represent the region’s tourism resources,market demand,industry chains,government,location,etc..Then,a structural-equation-SEM model is introduced to examine the relation between performance variables and potential variables.At the end of this paper,based on the obvious regional differences in internal conditions and external environment,a series of institutional policy suggestions have been proposed,and the main idea is to aware,conform to and optimize the spatial pattern of tourism development performance of different region,then to improve their coordination through the adjustment on factors such as tourism resources,communication infrastructures,marketing,consuming,and ecological aspects. |
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