Effects Of Land Finance On Urban Growth In China

The Chinese urbanization process commands the attention of the world.In 2013,the urbanization rate increased from 17.92%to 53.73%,the average increased by 1.02 percent.Rapid advance of the city into the national economic growth provides a powerful driving force,but it has brought unprecedented challenges of the ecological environment protection,resource saving,regional coordinated development and social stability.Land finance as the most important extra-budgetary revenue of local governments,is funds source of the local government for infrastructure development,increasing public services and industry to support the main.And even it made a profound impact on the real economy of our country industry.Therefore,it has positive significance that reveals the land financial impact on urban growth effect to our country land fiscal' upgrade and exit,the quality of urban growth,urbanization and upgrading of the quality improvement and policy.At first,this article defines the concept of the land finance and urban growth.Based on the existing research literature review,this article points out the reform of allocation tax,the performance of local official evaluation system and the system of land property rights and expropriation are system roots which the land finance system generated.According to the change of urban land property right system,this article divides land financial development into three stages,and analyzes the driving mechanism of Chinese urban growth.On this basis,construct the dynamic growth model of city to analysis the mechanism of land finance influence on city growth.Under the political promotion incentives,land finance is an important source of spending of local officials to promote area economic growth.For the promotion purpose,the local government which grasps the land elements will further become"entrepreneurs",spare no effort to promote economic growth area.Using the spatial econometric methods analysis found that it has a yardstick competition between each Chinese cities' land finance,political promotion incentive is institutional factors that bring about China's land financial scale continue to expand and economic growth.At the same time,the land finance has inverted u-shaped dynamic effect on economic growth.At the present,although land finance significantly promoted the economic growth,but too fast increase of land revenue will remain stable growth of national economy.It is the inevitable trend of social and economic development that the rural population gathers to the city and the agricultural economy transfer to the non-agricultural economy.And the land finance promotes urbanization will further accelerate the process of the population agglomeration.Based on the theoretical analysis of the urban population of random growth model and municipal-level data of empirical experience,found that the land finance increases the urban population significantly,but to inhibit the urban population growth rate obviously.At present stage,land finance is an important factor that the urban population growth rate decline.Further analysis found that there is a phase characteristics that land finance effect on the urban population growth.Before 2004 years ago,the promotion is significantly which the land finance acts urban population growth.However,with the increase of land revenue increased rapidly,promotes the city house prices rising too fast,it generates inhibitory effect on the urban population growth.The process of China's urbanization accelerating,and more shows a low density sprawl pattern,it phagocytes lots of natural landscape and farmland resources.And the city also appears some problems,such as class divided,municipal facilities low efficiency.Therefore,urban sprawl problems become the focus of academic circles.To build urban spatial expansion model analysis and found that the income of land value-added contribute to urban spatial expansion.Based on the theoretical analysis,this article makes the 35 large and medium-sized cities of China from 1999 to 2011 as samples,using two step system of generalized moment estimation method,the empirical test also found that land finance has dynamic inverted U-shaped effects on expansion of urban space.In terms of the present stage,the land finance brings the obvious effects of urban sprawl,but in the long run,it will be at the cost of damage to the social and economic efficiency.Further study found that there is a significant spatial and temporal difference between land finance impacts on urban spatial expansion.Industrial structure turns to advanced service and high-level is the general law of development of the world economy and the transformation and upgrading.However,China's service sector as a share of GDP is low,far from has become the dominant industry of economic development.This article uses city level data to empirical tests the influential effect that land financial impact on Chinese the urban industrial structure development to servitization.The results shows that the land finance increased the local revenue,to help local governments to increase investment in the secondary industry,accelerate the process of industrialization,but it's not conducive to the development of service industry,lead to the industrial structure distortion,inhibit the evolution of industrial structure from industrialization to tertiarization.It shows that land finance is an important factor of the stagnant evolution of industrial structure.At the same time,from the regional level,the land finance promotes transformation of industrial structure of the eastern region from industrialization to tertiarization,but generates a negative effect on the central and western regions transformation of industrial structure from industrialization to tertiarization.Land finance generated a great influence on urban public service supply when land finance is a new financing channel for local governments.By using entropy value method to construct the comprehensive evaluation index of public goods supply,measure the quality of urban public goods supply level.Then based on the municipal-level data,test the influential effect which land finance impacts on the urban public goods supply quality and structure.Analysis found that land finance significantly reduces the efficiency and quality of public goods supply.Further analysis found,although the land finance significantly increased the economic public goods provision,but it has an obvious inhibitory effect on the level of non-economic public goods provision.As the land finance scale increased dramatically,land finance the negative impact on the public goods supply has improved significantly in 2004.Based on the above theory and empirical analysis,in order to promote the sustainable development of our country urban,based on the perspective of land finance governance,this paper put forward some suggestions to promote the sustainable growth of China's urban.First,we shall be improved the achievements appraisal mechanism of local government,and then inhibit the impulse which local government promote urban economic growth and spatial expansion with land revenue.Second,we shall accelerate reform of the fiscal and taxation system,straighten out the relationship between the central and local finance rights,relieves the pressure of the local government fiscal spending.Thirdly,it is to improve the system of land property rights and management,safeguard farmers' rights and interests,and then from the root to eliminate the behavior of local government taking up the agricultural land,to achieve intensive development.Fourthly,we shall change the pattern of urban growth,improve the quality of urban growth.