Study On The Main Influence Factors And Countermeasures Of Urban And Rural Residents Income Gap In China

The rapid development of our country's economy greatly improves the income level and living standard of the resident.By the end of 2016,our country's urban military and civilian per capita disposable income reached 33616 yuan,the village per capita disposable income reached12363 yuan,which increased 98 times and 93 times respectively compared with the year of1978.The rapid economic growth has brought great changes to urban and rural development.However,we must also see that the income gap between urban and rural residents is also expanding.In 2016,urban and rural relative gap reached 2.72:1,absolute gap reached 21253 yuan.If coupled with urban and rural housing,social security,health care and education,the gap between the invisible benefits will be greater.Income gap,has become the current Chinese society realistic problem which can not be avoided.The smooth development of reform and opening up,the further development of economic construction and even the unity of the people and social stability will be the direct impact of the income gap between urban and rural residents.China's government has always paid great attention to the settlement of the urban-rural income gap.The18 th National Congress has proposed to adjust the pattern of national income distribution and focus on solving the problem of large income distribution gap,in order that the development results can not only be more fair to the whole people but also benefit them.The Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee further pointed out that the dual structure of urban and rural areas is a major obstacle to the integration of urban and rural development.We must perfect the system and mechanism to form a new type of industrial and rural relationship between urban and rural areas,let the majority of farmers participate in the modernization process on an equal footing and share the fruits of modernization.It can be said that to adjust the income gap between urban and rural residents has become an urgent reality needs and inevitable development.Under the background of this development,this study will focus on the factors that affect the income gap between urban and rural residents,and put forward the guiding suggestions and opinions in light of the actual situation.The impact of the income gap between urban and rural areas in China is multifaceted which has both the impact of policy factors,as well as structural factors and the characteristics of the industry and peasant industry itself.How and what the impact of each variable on urban-rural income gap in the end,and how much impact is the basis of the proposed solution to the premise.Therefore,this paper chooses the factors such as household registration policy,urbanization,opening to the outside world,the size and structure of government expenditure and the urban andrural allocation of financial resources,and selects the industrial structure,employment structure,educational structure and consumption structure from the structural factors.Taking into account the characteristics of agricultural factors,these factors affect the income gap between urban and rural areas of a variety of factors to determine the impact of different factors to the direction and contribution,and targeted to implementation path and specific countermeasures for narrowing the urban and rural income gap.The research contents of this paper are as follows:Based on the selection of the variables of policy factors,this paper selected seven variables including population urbanization rate,social security difference,per capita GDP,foreign trade dependence,urban bias degree,fixed asset investment and financial development scale to establish multiple linear regression model.From the results,the relationship between the variables of policy factors,population urbanization rate,social security differences,per capita GDP,foreign trade dependency and financial development scale have a positive effect on the income gap between urban and rural residents,from structural factors,we select the proportion of the primary industry,the proportion of non-agricultural population,human capital differences,the proportion of science and technology funding and the urban and rural Engel coefficient of a total of five variables to establish multiple linear regression model,the proportion of the primary industry,the proportion of fiscal expenditure and the ratio of urban and rural Engel coefficient have negative effect on the income gap between urban and rural residents,the difference between non-agricultural population and human capital is positively correlated.The difference between agriculture and other industrial characteristics,which is the formation of urban and rural income gap between the important reasons.This paper studies the regression model of the binary contrast coefficient and the income gap between urban and rural residents,and the dual structure factor has a significant relationship with the income gap between urban and rural residents and has negative effect on the income gap between urban and rural residents.In order to further determine the influence of each factor,the paper makes a quantitative analysis of the contribution of 13 variables.It is concluded that the proportion of the first industry,the contrast coefficient of the binary structure and the scale of financial development are main factors that affect the income gap between urban and rural areas.We need to focus on and solve them.Study the policy about urban and rural residents' income gap in the world is important for us to reduce the gap in China.Based on the analysis of the policies and measures adopted by the developed countries such as the EU countries,the United States,Britain,Japan,Korea and other developed countries,based on the reality of our country,the enlightenment is as below: In order to realize the sustainable development of modernization and avoid the further expansion of the income gap between urban and rural areas,the surplus agricultural labor force should be transferred to non-agricultural industries and towns;Relying on scientific and technological progress and agricultural cooperation organizations to develop modern agriculture,is an important means to promote farmers' income;In addition,improve the rural financial system,establish an integrated urban and rural security system,achieve urbanization,industrialization and agriculturalmodernization of the three coordinated development are the key points to resolve the current income gap between urban and rural areas in China.Combined with quantitative analysis and foreign experience,the paper puts forward the way to reduce the urban-rural income gap,we can promote the flow of labor,deepen the rural land reform,promote the development of agricultural industrialization,promote the integration of urban and rural public goods,to reduce and eliminate the gap in the wage income,property income,operating income and social security.Specific measures,take new type of urbanization as the key to crack the urban and rural dual structure,we can establish a perfect system of rural land circulation by standardizing the market system of land management and circulation,building motivation scale of farmland circulation and operation,giving priority to subsidy of buying farm machinery,supporting the policy of agricultural land and project,the credit policy,and the insurance policy etc.To improve the scale and efficiency of rural financial services by improving the ecological environment of rural financial development,optimizing the rural financial structure,paying attention to the application efficiency of rural financial system,and strengthening rural financial policy supervision.We should speed up the development of agricultural industrialization,foster new type of agricultural management,increase capacity of food production,implement agricultural brand strategy,promote industry amalgamation,develop the "sixth industries",pilot to promote the "five permanent mode",strengthen the construction of rural infrastructure,increase the rural financial transfer payments and the transfer of farmers income,improve the rural social security system,increase rural education and science and technology investment,expand the scale of education funding,enhance the level of rural compulsory education,increase investment in rural education,increase investment in human capital,improve the quality of agricultural population gradually,promote science and technology innovation and institutional innovation vigorously,in order to reduce the urban-rural income gap.