Research On The Measurement Of Agricultural Production Efficiency And The Influencing Factors Under The Constraints Of Resources And Environment

As an important index to measure the performance of agricultural economic growth,agricultural production efficiency has always been one of the key points in academic research.So far,domestic and foreign scholars from different angles,using different research methods for measurement of our country's agricultural production efficiency,in order to describe the agricultural economic growth mode and path objectively.For a long time,the measurement of the agricultural production efficiency in the literature is based on the resources input elements such as capital,labor and land,and the papers are not rich on the aspect of keeping overall consideration of environmental elements on the sustainable development of agriculture.According to the theory of sustainable development,resources and environmental factors are not only the internal driving forces of economic growth,but also the external constraints of the scale and speed of economic growth.Traditional reseach on agricultural production efficiency only considered the resource constraints,did not consider the double constraints of resources and environment adequately,ignored the negative externalities to society and ecological environment during the process of the agricultural economic growth,and could not reflect the performance of agricultural economic growth in our country,which will induce the government to deviate from the policy formulation based on production efficiency,and lead to a lasting negative impact on agricultural economic growth and farmers' interests.In fact,while our agricultural economy has experienced rapid growth,it also has brought the serious destruction to natural resources and environment,resources depletion and the deterioration of ecological environment have become the insurmountable difficulties of the long-term growth of agricultural economy.With resource and environmental constraints strengthening gradually,setting agriculture economic development goal is no longer limited to support the growth of grain production and agricultural products quantity,but should improve the quality of agricultural economic growth,realizing the modernization of agriculture which contains resource saving and environmental protection agriculture economic growth.In order to transform agricultural economic growth mode,realize the agricultural economy development in the direction of the green and efficient,we must correct the traditional way of economic performance evaluation,put the resources and environmental constraints into the unified production performance evaluation framework.Therefore,it is of great significance to re-measure the agricultural production efficiency from the perspective of resources and environmental constraints.Based on this,the research of this paper puts the pollution of agricultural production as a factor into the analysis framework of traditional agricultural production efficiency,from the perspective of resources and environmental constraints,evaluates the agricultural production efficiency in our country scientifically,systematically and comprehensively,measures the agricultural production efficiency under the constraint of resources and environment in China as a whole,region and province respectively,inspects the convergence of agricultural production efficiency,identify the main factors that influence the agricultural production efficiency in our country under the resources and environment constraints,in order to know the real agricultural economic growth performance in our country more accurately,promotes the coordinated development of agricultural resources saving,environmental protection and economic growth in our country,improves the quality of agricultural economic growth.It is of immediate significance under the age of accelerating reform of the ecological civilization system and building a beautiful China being presented at the 19 th national congress of the communist party of China,It is also an urgent need and inevitable path to realize sustainable development of agricultural economy in China.The main contents and relevant conclusions are as follows:In order to fully understand the situation of agricultural production efficiency under the constraints of resources and environment,this part designs the agricultural production efficiency measure model of 31 provinces in China during 1981 — 2015 years with considering environmental and resources constraints,using the material conservation principle and Malmquist index,evaluates the environmental pollution,agriculture fixed capital and labor input,measures environmental efficiency and environment total factor productivity index.It is found that:(1)Only in the consideration of resource constraints without environmental constraints will overestimate the level of agricultural production efficiency.In the consideration of resource constraints only,China's agricultural technological efficiency and total factor productivity index averaged 0.69 and 1.004 respectively.However,while considering the environmental constraints,the agricultural environment efficiency and environmental total factor productivity index changed to 0.23 and 1.053;(2)Only in the consideration of resource constraints without the environmental constraints will overestimate the contribution of technological progress to the agricultural total factor productivity index,the improvement of environmental efficiency and total environmental factor productivity index is mainly driven by the increase of nutrient allocation efficiency and nutrient allocation efficiency index.Ignoring this important factor may lead to misjudgment of the agricultural total factor productivity growth and the policy implications behind it;(3)The overall level of agricultural environmental efficiency in China is failing,the improvement of environmental total factor productivity has not avoided the efficiency loss caused by resources consumption and environmental pollution to China's agricultural economic growth,the growth of our agricultural economy has not escaped the extensive mode of growth yet,that severely damages the ecological environment and consumes a lot of resources;(4)There is a great difference in the agricultural environmental efficiency in regions of China,the difference of environmental efficiency inside eastern,central and western regions is the main reason for the difference of regional environmental efficiency,the agricultural environmental efficiency in the eastern region is higher than that in the central and western regions.However,the agricultural economic growth in the central and western regions is still at the cost of greater resource consumption and environmental pollution;(5)The agricultural economic growth,resources and environment in the eastern provinces represented by Guangdong,Fujian and Zhejiang are more harmonious,while that is inharmonious and no improving trend in the western regions of Ningxia,Shanxi and Inner Mongolia;(6)Excessive resources consumption and low nutrient allocation efficiency are the main reasons for the low agricultural environmental efficiency and low environmental total facor productivity index.There is great potential in improving agricultural technical efficiency and nutrient absorption efficiency.How will the differences in China's agricultural production efficiency change at the national,regional and inter-provincial levels under the constraints of resources and environment? The test of this section has examined the convergence of the agricultural environmental efficiency and the environmental total factor productivity index as well as its decomposition index respectively from the absolute convergence,conditional convergence and the random convergence,the results showed that:(1)During the inspection period,the absolute convergence of agricultural environmental efficiency is not obvious in the whole country,the differences of agricultural environmental efficiency in regions and inter-province will not disappear unconditionally,there is no absolute convergence in the inter-provincal environmental total factor productivity index;(2)After controlling the time and geographical factors,the agricultural environmental efficiency of the whole country shows a significant trend of convergence,the agricultural environmental efficiency of each province tends towards its own steady state level.Different from the conditional convergence statement of environmental efficiency,the environmental total factor productivity index of each province only converges in the whole country not in regions.(3)Both the national and the regional analysis,the agricultural environmental efficiency of our country has a random divergence,the environmental total factor productivity index only converges randomly in the central region,the environmental efficiency and the environmental total factor productivity only have convergence clubs in the central and western regions.The above results indicate that the problem of the uncoordinated growth of the agricultural environmental efficiency and the environmental total factor productivity index will continue to exist.It is very difficult to solve the problem of agricultural production efficiency differences under the constraints of regional and inter-provincial resources.To coordinate the agricultural production efficiency under the constraints of resources and environment in both the whole country and regions is inseparable from the analysis of its influencing factors.The adjustment of agricultural industry structure is the focus of agricultural industry optimization,the rationalization and intensification of agricultural industrial structure are the manifestations of the allocation of agricultural production resources.As a measure of agricultural resources allocation efficiency,agricultural environmental efficiency and environmental total factor productivity index are affected by agricultural industrial structure.Considering the role of time and space factors in the test of the convergence of agricultural economic production efficiency under the constraints of resources and environment,this paper has applied dynamic panel data model to make an in-depth analysis on the agricultural environmental efficiency and environmental total factor productivity index as well as its related factors on the basis of fully considering the rationalization and high degree of agricultural industrial structure in our country.The results show that :(1)There is a negative relationship between the rationalization of agricultural industrial structure and the agricultural environmental efficiency,while there is a positive relationship between it and the agricultural environment total factor productivity index;(2)There is a positive relationship between the agricultural industrial structure and the agricultural environmental efficiency,while there is a negative relationship between it and the agricultural environmental total factor productivity index;(3)The improvement of the human capital level of agricultural workers and the optimization of the financial support structure for the government to support agriculture can promote the agricultural environmental efficiency and the environmental total factor productivity index;(4)Only by the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure driven by technological progress and market incentives can the improvement of agricultural environmental efficiency and environmental total factor productivity index be promoted.Based on the above research conclusions,in order to promote the improvement of agricultural production efficiency in China under resources and environmental constraints,this paper puts forward concrete suggestions as following,it mainly includes: optimizing agricultural industrial structure,enhancing the added value of agricultural industry;improving the human capital level of agricultural practitioners;transforming the spending structure of agricultural financing;improving the agricultural technology popularization system,establishing agricultural technology interactive system,and so on.