| China's urbanization rate has reached 57.35%in 2016(National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China,2017),and it has increased by 26%over 1999.With driven by the impetus of the urbanization,the land-grabbing farmers are growing at a rate of more than 3,000,000 people every year(Chinese Academy of Social Sciences report,2011).On one hand,this change has created favorable conditions for the urban economic development,on the other hand,the land-grabbing farmers livelihood mode has been taken place large changes due to lost of the land,which called 'lifeblood',maintaining their traditional livelihoods.Therefore,the land-grabbing farmers are experiencing the transformation of their living mode.Therefore,What has changed of the livelihood of the land-grabbing farmers?What are the characteristics of the livelihood mode transformation of the land-grabbing farmers?What are implications of the livelihood mode transformation on the result of the land-grabbing farmers livelihoods?What are the key factors that lead to the transformation of the land-grabbing farmers livelihood mode?In order to facilitate the livelihood mode transformation of the land-grabbing farmers,what countermeasures and suggestions should we propose?If these problems can be solved properly,the farmers' production and living will be improved in China,the harmonious society of the urban and the rural will be realized and the goal of the comprehensive construction well-off society will also be realized.In this study,on the basis of the domestic and abroad relevant achievements for reference,the author focused on analyzing the transformation of the land-grabbing farmers livelihood mode and its influence factors as the article's main line,analyzed the livelihood capital and the livelihood strategy of the land-grabbing farmers on the basis of the field surveys through from Xiangyang City,Huanggang City and Jiujiang City,and summarized the livelihood mode types and the characteristics of land-grabbing farmers livelihood mode transformation and the impact of the livelihood mode transformation on the livelihood outcomes.The author checked the influence factors of the land-grabbing farmers livelihood mode transformation empirically by the Logit model.At last,the author gave the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions according to the above research conclusion.The content of this article can be divided into three parts.The first part that belongs to the general theory includes the introduction and the first chapter.This part analyzed the topic background and research significance firstly,reviewed the domestic and abroad literature from two aspects that are the farmers sustainable livelihoods research and the farmers livelihood transformation research,showed the research aim and the research content,and explained research methods and technical trajectory,and then pointed out that the source of the data for the study,introduced that the possible innovation points and the research limitations in this paper,defined the core concepts such as the land-grabbing farmers,the livelihood,the livelihood mode transformation,the livelihoods and so on,finally elaborated the theoretical basis of the article which including the sustainable livelihood theory,the farmer behavior theory and the livelihood vulnerability theory.The second part is from the second chapter to the fifth chapter,which is the core part of this study.First of all,this part introduced the sample selection,then compared and analyzed the land-grabbing farmers livelihood capital changes from these aspects such as the natural capital,the human capital,the physical capital,the financial capital,the social capital and so on,meanwhile generalized and summarized the main reasons for these changes;then analyzed the change of the livelihood strategies of the land-grabbing farmers in terms of the labor input strategy,the land use strategy,the production input strategy and the consumption strategy and so on;then introduced the basis of the classification of the household livelihood mode and the classification of the land-grabbing farmers livelihood mode,analyzed the characteristic of the land-grabbing farmers livelihood mode transformation,analyzed the land-grabbing farmers livelihood mode transformation on the result of their livelihood by constructing econometric model;In the end,analyzed theoretically the influencing factors of the livelihood mode transformation of the land-grabbing farmers from the aspects of theory,and tested the influencing factors of the livelihood mode transformation of the land-grabbing farmers by using the logit model.The third part is chapter 6,which is to draw the conclusion and propose the countermeasure.This part firstly summarized the main research conclusions of this article,and put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions based on the research conclusions.The main conclusions of this paper mainly included:The First,the degree of land loss promotes the transformation of the farmer's livelihood mode.The Second,the transformation of land-lost farmers' livelihood mode varies with livelihood capital.The Third,The livelihood outcomes of land-lost farmers vary according to their livelihood patterns.The Fourth,the level of economic development affect the transition process of the land-grabbing farmers' livelihood mode.The Fifth,the livelihood mode of very few farmers has not been transformed after they lost land.The Sixth,some factors affect the sustainable realization of the land-grabbing farmers'livelihood.Countermeasures and suggestions of this article included:The First,the non-agricultural employment for land-lost farmers should be improved;in detail,the farmers classification management and classification training should be made well,on this basis,then the work about employment recommendation for these land-grabbing farmers should be carried out.The Second,doing everything possible to increase farmers' income from agricultural production.For the purpose,The technical guidance should be provided for these farmers to operate and manage agricultural activities effectively,besides,the government should guide farmers to choose famous,special and excellent varieties for their sales revenue.The Third,try to improve the livelihood outcomes of land-lost farmers.The fourth,many channels should be carried to solute the financial needs of farmers livelihood transformation.The Fifth,vigorously improving the social security of land-lost farmers.Therefore,the land-grabbing farmers should be guided by the government how the land expropriation compensation that these farmers obtain should be allocated and used,and some insurance policies should be publicized enthusiastically in order that these farmers are willing to buy commercial endowment insurance for their future.Meanwhile,the standard of rural endowment insurance should be raised according to the conditional change and the endowment insurance policy implementation should be inspected.The possible innovation:First point,analyzed the transformation of the land-grabbing farmers livelihood mode from the perspective of the land-lost.According to the literature,we found that a large number of scholars have conducted research and have achieved some valuable research results in terms of research on the farmers livelihood transformation.However,we also found that there is little literature that research the problem of the land-grabbing farmers livelihood transformation.Therefore,the author chose the land-grabbing farmers as the article's research object and compared their livelihood mode between before land-lost and after land-lost for finding some difference and regularity to provide some related advice for the government when they are making relevant compensation policies.Second point,analyzed the characteristics of the land-grabbing farmers livelihood mode transformation according to the land-lost level.The article divided the land-grabbing farmers into four types according to the proportion of the land that they lost,based on this,the livelihood mode transformation characteristics of each type were summarized and the similarities of the livelihood mode transformation characteristics of the different households are compared and analyzed in order to give several countermeasures and suggestions that promote the transition of the land-grabbing farmers livelihood mode.Third point,the level of the lost land was used as the control variable to investigate the impact of the livelihood mode transformation of land-lost farmers on livelihood outcomes.The land-grabbing farmers will tend to choose different livelihood mode after they lose their ground because of the different land-lost level,so it will lead to their different livelihood result.Therefore,we researched and analyzed the livelihood mode transformation of the land-grabbing farmers according to the land-lost level,we found that the level of land-lost has certain influence on the livelihood outcome of the land-grabbing farmers livelihoods by the econometric analysis.Fourth point,the exogenous variables were included in the econometric model and then analyzed the influencing factors of the livelihood mode transformation of the land-grabbing farmers.In the most literature,vast majority of scholars took the endogenous variable as the main influencing factors of the livelihood mode transformation of land-lost farmers,but they ignored the effect of the exogenous variables,such as the rate of the urbanization,the distance from the town and so on.Therefore,in order to overall study and grasp the influence factors of the land-grabbing farmers livelihood mode transformation,besides analyzing the influence of the livelihood capital on the transformation of the land-grabbing farmers livelihood,this article also took the rate of the urbanization,the distance from the center of the county(district)into the econometric model.The deficiency of this article:The first one is in the sample areas,the sample farmers of this article mainly come from Huanggang City of Hubei province,Xiangyang City of Hubei province,and Jiujiang City of Jiangxi province,but these cities all belong to Third--tier cities or Fourth-tier cities in China,so the article lacks of the sample farmers from the outskirts of First-tier cities or Second-tier cities line,the sample is not comprehensive enough so that the evaluation and measurement results have limitations.The second one is that we can't interview those farmers who have worked far away from their hometown before their land-lost because they seldom return to their hometown because of their busy work.Therefore,the research group can't obtain data from this type of farmers,so the data of this type is relatively few,thus it may have certain influence on the results.So,in order to get more comprehensive samples,in the future research work we will carry out the investigation through making an appointment with them by telephone,or directly carry out telephone survey,or going their home during the Spring Festival when the migrant workers return their hometown... |
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