| China's rapid economic growth has shaped the "Chinese miracle" of the world's second-largest economy over the years.However,it is unsustainable to rely on stimulus policies and large-scale direct economic intervention by the government and "high consumption,high input and high pollution." The extensive mode of development not only causes a large number of resources in our country to be exhausted but also causes serious ecological and environmental problems such as hazy smog,water pollution,excessive levels of heavy metals in soil and ecological damage.The purpose of green development is to balance the contradictions between the development needs and the limited supply of resources and the environment,and make efforts to solve the prominent problems of current ecological and environmental protection.Green development has become the inevitable choice for the economic and social development in our country at this stage.In 2012,the 18th CPC National Congress explicitly proposed that the construction of ecological civilization should be written into the Party Constitution and adopted green development as one of the important development modes of ecological civilization.It not only reflects the great importance our party and state attach to ecological civilization,but also highlights the importance of green development in promoting the construction of ecological civilization.Due to the vast territory,geographical and historical reasons,the social and economic development of various regions in China is hugely different,the level of industrialization is also at different stages.Therefore,the level of green development in each region will also be significantly different.A comprehensive understanding of the spatio-temporal pattern and the main factors and spatial effects of China's green development not only has important theoretical significance for exploring green development theory but also has important practical significance for promoting the full realization of green development in China,because the spatial correlation provides reference for the formulation of regional coordination policy for green development.Firstly,this paper defines the connotation of green development and combines the related theories of green development.Based on this,it constructs the theoretical framework of green development from the perspective of system theory and elaborates the law of circular movement of Resource-Economic-Ecological environment system under the green development mode.From the system theory point of view,the green development model aims to promote the dynamic balance between structural order and functional coordination arising from the coordinating role among various elements of the Resource-Economic-Ecological environment system so as to realize the benign nature of the Resource-Economic-Ecological environment system circulation and the harmonious development of man and nature.The systematic theory of green development lays a theoretical foundation for the construction of China's regional green development evaluation index system and the study of the interdependence of green development system.Secondly,this paper constructs the evaluation index system of provincial green development level in China and uses the Shannon-Spearman measurement method and Bootstrap sampling technique for four common comprehensive evaluation methods to obtain the confidence interval of the information loss value SSM.According to the precision of information loss and reliability and the correlation between the combination index and the original data and the differentiation degree of the combination index,this paper makes the choice from four comprehensive evaluation methods,and this ensures the rationality of the selected evaluation method;based on this,this paper measures the resource utilization index,environmental governance index,environmental quality index,ecological protection index,growth quality index,green living index and the overall index of green development of each province from 2006 to 2015.Thirdly,this paper uses the method of spatial Markov chain to analyze the changing law of the level of green development in China from the dimensions of resource utilization,environmental governance,environmental quality,ecological protection,quality of growth and green living standards comprehensively,and to reveal the spatial effect during the change of the types of green development in all regions in China.Fourthly,the panel VAR model is used to study the dynamic relationship among the green development systems in China.The sources and effects of the variables are analyzed based on the impulse response function and variance decomposition.This Paper also measures the coordination of economy,resources and ecological environment of 30 provinces in China.Finally,we construct the Spatial Durbin Model to estimate the impact and the spatial effect of technology innovation and technology introduction on China's green development.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:1)During the "11th Five-Year Plan" and "12th Five-Year Plan" period,the overall level of China's green development has steadily risen with significant regional differences.At the beginning of the "11th Five-Year Plan" period,the advantages of resource utilization,environmental governance,quality of growth and green living standards in the eastern region are obvious.Therefore,the green development index of eastern region is highest.but the pressure on the ecological environment in Beijing,Tianjin,the Yangtze River Delta and the connecting areas is on the rise.The advantages of environmental quality and ecological protection in southwest China are obvious.The green development index of southwest region followed the east and overtook the east in 2009.The pressure on resources and environment in the green development in the central region is still high,and the level of green development in the northwestern region is still low.2)The results of space-time analysis show that there is a significant spatial dependence in the transformation of the type of China's green development during the "11th Five-Year Plan" and the "12th Five-Year Plan" period.Low-low agglomeration led to these regions being locked in a low category of green development for a long time and forming a "low-level club" of green development.However,there didn't seem much likelihood of the high-high agglomeration of green development,so it is less likely to form a "high-level club" of green development.The temporal and spatial changes of China's green development types are as follows.The type of green development in Beijing,Zhejiang,Fujian and Hainan has always belonged to the higher category;the type of green development in Chongqing and Yunnan has shifted from the middle category to the higher category;the type of green development in Jilin and Heilongjiang also tends to shift to higher categories.In addition,the type of green development in Jiangsu and Anhui has also shifted from the lower category to the middle category.As the environmental quality and ecological protection in Tianjin gradually declined from the middle category to the lower category,the green development type gradually declined from the higher category to the lower category.As the type of green living standards in Qinghai Province dropped,its green development type gradually declined to the lower category.The types of green development in Hubei,Hunan,Jiangxi,Guizhou,Inner Mongolia and Guangxi belong to the middle category basically.Four provinces in North China(Liaoning,Hebei,Shanxi and Henan)and three northwest provinces(Gansu,Ningxia and Xinjiang)have formed two "low-level clubs" of green development.According to the embodiment of "Flying Geese Model" in our country,Liaoning,Hebei,Shanxi and Henan undertook backward industries from the developed eastern regions,the quality of economic growth in these four provinces is low,and the type of ecological protection and environmental quality in these four provinces belongs to the lower category.Therefore,the level of green development in these four provinces has always been a low category.Northwest China is sparsely populated and its ecological environment is fragile,its economy is mainly dominated by primary industries such as agriculture and mineral resources development.These reasons have led to the backwardness in all aspects such as resource utilization,quality of growth and green living standards in the northwest region.Therefore,the type of green development in the northwest region has always been in the lower category.3)The research results of the panel VAR model of the internal relations of China's green development system show that the continuous improvement of the level of green development in China depends mainly on the improvement of the quality of growth and the green transformation of lifestyles in the long run.The main reasons are as follows.In the long run,the change of resource utilization mainly comes from the change of growth quality.In addition to being affected by its own inertia,the change of the comprehensive level of the ecological environment is mainly affected by the change of the quality of growth and the green living standards.The green living standards change very slowly and the growth quality grades change more moderately.Therefore,in order to shift the green development type of the provinces in the lower category to the middle category and higher category,their economic structure must be transformed to improve the quality of growth.4)From 2006 to 2015,the coordination of China's Resource-Economic-Ecological environment system was gradually raised from 0.5 to 0.698.The main reason for the differences in the level of green development in China is the coordination degree of Resource-Economic-Ecological environment system.According to the results of the coordination ranking of 30 provinces in 2015,the coordination degree of Resource-Economic-Ecological environment system is at a coordinated stage in Beijing,Shanghai,Zhejiang,Fujian and Chongqing.The coordination degree of Resource-Economic-Ecological environment system is at a barely coordinated stage in Jiangsu,Shandong,Tianjin,most of the central regions except Henan and Shanxi and most southwestern regions except for Chongqing.The coordination degree of Resource-Economic-Ecological environment system is on the verge of becoming imbalanced in Hebei,Liaoning,Shanxi,Henan and most of the northwest regions.Therefore,the coordination degree of Resource-Economic-Ecological environment system in each region is basically the same as their green development type.The type of green development in China's regions is constrained by the coordination of Resource-Economic-Ecological environment system.This once again explained the green system theory point of view that the coordinated development of Resource-Economic-Ecological environment system is the key to enhance the level of green development.5)The results of spatial econometrics research on the influencing factors of the level of green development in China are as follows.There is a significant spatial spillover effect of technological innovation and FDI on green development.The increase of technological innovation capability in a region can not only promote the improvement of the green development level in this region but also increase the green development level of its neighboring regions through the spillover effect.FDI has promoted the improvement of the level of green development in the eastern region and has a significant spatial spillover effect.The increase of the industrial proportion in the central region not only has a significant restraining effect on the level of its own green development but also affects seriously the green development level of its neighboring regions.The stricter environmental regulation in the eastern part of the country has a certain positive effect on the improvement of the green development level,but the positive effect of the improvement of environmental regulation in the central and western regions is not significant.This study draws the following enlightenment.The government should strengthen the auditing of outgoing assets of natural resources of leading cadres in local governments and implement the lifelong pursue system of ecological damage liability.The government should strengthen the joint control of ecological damage and improve the guarantee mechanism of regional coordinated green development.The government should step up its efforts in technical innovation.The government should improve the environmental access threshold of FDI and give full play to the technical advantages and spillover effects of FDI in environmental governance.The government should speed up the upgrading of industrial structure and promote the optimization and rationalization of industrial structure.The government should increase the intensity of local environmental regulation and promote the green transformation of China's economic development. |
PDF Full Text Request