| Since reform and opening-up,Chinese economy has achieved a high level of development due to the advantages in labor and resources.As the economy has developed into a new stage,these advantages are gradually fading away.In order to keep a sustained and sound growth of Chinese economy,hold a superior position during the international competition,the 18 th national congress of the CPC clearly pointed out the innovation-driven development strategy,which aims to reform the economic developing mode to quality-benefit type,making innovation to be the new kinetic energy.Enterprises are the main body of innovation,indicating the national innovation level by their motivation and ability of innovation activities.Since Chinese economy has entered the stage of “new normal”,under the guidance of the government,more and more enterprises have awared of the importance of innovation,the number of enterprises to carry out innovative activities is increasing significantly.However,comparing with other innovative countries in the world,the innovation in domestic enterprises is still insufficient.Restricted by internal and external conditions,it's a realistic and urgent issue for many enterprises to improve the innovation power.Considering the inherent economic characteristics of enterprise innovation activities,it's difficult for market mechanism alone to solve the problem of insufficient innovation dynamics of enterprises,government intervention is required to support the innovation in enterprises through policy tools.Tax policy is an important and commonly used approach to improve the motivation of enterprise innovation.Whether or not the tax policy can effectively promote the innovation activities of enterprises,affects whether China can successfully achieve the strategic goal of building an innovative country.Based on this background,this thesis systematically studies the impact of macro tax policy on the innovation dynamics of micro enterprises,taking the existence of enterprise heterogeneity into account,the research is conducted from the perspective of industrial heterogeneous enterprises,regional heterogeneous enterprises and sale heterogeneous enterprises.Focusing on the heterogeneity of enterprises,we can more accurately analyze the mechanism and incentive effect of tax policy to different types of enterprise innovation motivation,so as to provide more pertinent reference for the optimization of relevant tax policies,also enrich and expand the research angle of relevant fields of literature.There are seven chapters in this thesis.In the first chapter,this thesis has introduced research background and significance,international and domestic literature review,research objectives and methods,research content and framework,and main innovation points.In the second chapter,this thesis has theoretical analysized the influence of tax policy on heterogeneous enterprises' innovation power.Firstly,it analyzes the mechanism of tax policy on industrial heterogeneous enterprises,regional heterogeneous enterprises and sale heterogeneous enterprises.Secondly,from the two aspects of enterprise R&D capital input and human capital input,the influence of tax policy on enterprise innovation motivation is analyzed in theory.From the third chapter to the fifth chapter,this thesis have represented the core content of this thesis.Those three chapters have introduced the impact of tax policy on the innovation dynamics of Chinese industrial heterogeneous enterprises,regional heterogeneous enterprises and sale heterogeneous enterprises.Each chapter has included the analysis of the current situation of heterogeneous enterprises' innovation power,systematically reviewed of the related tax policies,build the econometric model based on the public data of listed companies.Through R&D capital and human capital investment,this thesis has empirically tested the incentive effect of tax policy on the innovation power of heterogeneous enterprises.In the sixth chapter,this thesis has reviewed the international experience of promoting the innovation dynamics of the heterogeneous enterprises by tax policy.By expounded the main practices of some representative countries using tax policies to encourage enterprise innovation,some regular conclusions has been extracted to provide useful inspiration for the optimization of relevant tax policies in China.In the seventh chapter,this thesis has given the optimization suggestion of tax policy to enhance the innovation power of heterogeneous enterprises in China.According to the main conclusions of the empirical part and the reference to foreign experience,based on the perspective of improving the national innovation policy system,the overall optimization principle of relevant tax policies has been put forward.From the perspective of industrial heterogeneous enterprises,regional heterogeneous enterprises and sale heterogeneous enterprises,the pertinent policies are put forward.The main conclusions of the paper have been proposed,the limitations of this research are explained,and the future research directions are prospected.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The theoretical analysis shows that the factors affecting the innovation dynamics of industrial heterogeneous enterprises,regional heterogeneous enterprises and sale heterogeneous enterprises are different.From the overall point of view,the tax policy is mainly to improve the innovation power of enterprises through the impact of the investment in R&D capital and human capital investment.In the aspect of R&D capital investment,tax policy can affect the cost of R&D capital by means of R&D cost plus deductions,accelerated depreciation and preferential tax rate on eligible enterprises.By reducing the corresponding price of R&D investment capital,enterprises can increase R&D capital investment.In terms of human capital investment,tax policy mainly influences human capital investment by influencing the supply and demand of human capital.For human capital supply,preferential income in personal income tax can increase the supply scale of labor force engaged in innovative activities.For the demand of human capital,tax policy mainly increases the demand for labor in innovative activities by reducing the cost of human capital.(2)As the empirical analysis shows,for industrial heterogeneous enterprises,based on the dimension of R&D capital input,tax incentives have a significant positive incentive effect on the increase of R&D capital input to the second industrial enterprises and the third industrial enterprises,but it does not have a significant incentive effect on the increase of R&D capital investment to the first industry enterprises.Based on the dimension of human capital investment,tax incentives only have a significant positive incentive effect on increasing investment in human capital to the first industry enterprises.For regional heterogeneous enterprises,based on R&D capital input dimension,there is no significant difference in incentive effect of tax preferences on R&D capital investment in enterprises at different levels of economic development.Based on the dimension of human capital investment,tax incentives have stronger incentive effect on human capital investment in enterprises with low economic development level.For scale heterogeneous enterprises,based on R&D capital investment dimension,tax incentives have more incentive effect for smaller enterprises to increase R&D capital investment.Based on the dimension of human capital investment,for enterprises of different scales,there is no significant difference in incentive effect of tax preferences on their increase of human capital investment.(3)The results of empirical analysis and the experience of foreign countries.Firstly,based on the view of perfecting the national innovation policy system,the overall optimization principle of relevant tax policy is put forward to create a good ecology of encouraging innovation,establish a policy coordination coordination mechanism,clear the position of the tax policy function,improve the current tax structure,promote the process of the legalization of the tax policy and evaluate the effect of the tax policy implementation.Then,it puts forward corresponding policy recommendations for heterogeneous enterprises,regional heterogeneous enterprises and sale heterogeneous enterprises.For industrial heterogeneous enterprises,it is necessary to optimize the industrial structure as a policy guidance,establish a long-term support mechanism of tax policy,vigorously support the innovation of agricultural enterprises,broaden the tax policy to stimulate innovation in the industrial field,refine the tax preferences of high-tech enterprises and we should cultivate high-level R&D personnel as the focus of tax incentives.For the regional heterogeneous enterprises,we should build a regional innovation tax policy system,carry out the differential tax arrangement based on the regional characteristics,introduce the tax restraint mechanism of changing the regional economic development mode,implement the tax policy to promote the introduction of regional talents and improve the regional innovation supporting facilities.For the sale heterogeneous enterprises,the tax policy of promoting enterprise innovation should focus on the small and medium enterprises,optimize the tax policy structure to promote the innovation of small and medium enterprises,set up the tax system to solve the financing difficulties of small and medium enterprises,strengthen the tax incentives for the R&D personnel of small and medium enterprises,and build a performance tax evaluation system for large enterprises.This thesis focuses on heterogeneous enterprises,and analyzes the effect mechanism and incentive effect of tax policy on enterprise innovation motivation from the perspective of industrial heterogeneous enterprises,regional heterogeneous enterprises and sale heterogeneous enterprises.To a certain extent,it enriches the study of the impact of tax policy on enterprise innovation behavior.Moreover,it is of great policy significance to improve our national innovation policy system and make tax policies more effective in motivating enterprises to enhance innovation power. |
PDF Full Text Request