| With the progress of society,the rural household joint contracted operation has been further developed,and gradually formed into a more advanced and more productive family farm mode.At the same time,prospering agriculture by science and technology is not only a necessary condition for the development of agricultural economy in China but also the fundamental way to strengthen the foundation of agricultural development,to enhance the capacity of agricultural development and to improve people's living standards.The agricultural science and technology system and its extension system are the foundation and guarantee system of developing agriculture through science and technology.That how to use the advanced and applicable technology to serve the farmers properly and effectively is the key to the successful transformation of agricultural science and technology into practical productive forces.Compared with the developed countries,the conversion rate of China's agricultural science and technology is relatively low,and some advanced agricultural technologies have not been applied effectively.In addition,with the change of Chinese agricultural operation mode,some problems have appeared in the current rural science and technology service system that is not adapted to the land management mode,thus affecting the the healthy development of China's rural economy.Such a situation has put forward more urgent requirements for the agricultural science and technology service system in China.Based on the above purpose,with land-scale operators' needs of agricultural science and technology as the research content,this paper,based on the review of the domestic and foreign relevant literature with Xinjiang as an example,thoroughly reviewed some important related concepts and summarized the relevant theories to lay a solid foundation for further research.Then,this paper quantitatively calculated respondents' demand strength,demand content and the service types of the demand for agricultural science and technology by taking land-scale operators as the research objects.Besides,I explored the main determinants of land-scale operators' needs of agricultural science and technology by analyzing the impact of channels to obtain technical information on respondents' acceptance and adoption of technical information.In addition,in-depth analysis of the status quo and problems of agricultural science and technology service system at the present stage was made to reveal the necessity of constructing the demand-oriented agricultural science and technology service.Finally,with the analysis results and summary of foreign experience,this paper attempted to optimize the allocation ofresources of science and technology that is in line with the current development demand of the main body and can integrate all kinds of related resources together on need basis.It needs to give full play to the initiative of farmers by making full use of all local resources for internal technological innovation.The effective technology promotion mechanism can be established to improve the effect of scientific and technological popularization.It can enlarge the demand of farmers' science and technology by providing some scientific and technological extension funds to promote the agricultural standardization of agricultural production and to change the agricultural science and technology service system of industrial structure.The main research work and conclusions are stated as follows:(1)The agricultural science and technology system and its extension system are keeping innovation and adjustment with the change of the national development strategy orientation.Through the in-depth analysis of the historical development process of China's agricultural science and technology system and the promotion of agricultural science and technology system,I got the following understanding and the results: first of all,the agricultural science and technology system in China has experienced four stages: the development of agricultural science and technology system before the founding of new China;the planned economic system dominated during 1949-1985;market economy system dominated during 1985-2006;the innovative national strategy dominated since2007.Secondly,the content and form of agricultural science and technology system and the promotion of agricultural science and technology system have changed and adjusted to the development of agricultural production in various stages under the economic,political and cultural background,which fully reflects the effective combination of the“market oriented” pattern and the "government regulated” form.Thirdly,the innovation and adjustment of agricultural science and technology system and agricultural science and technology extension system,in essence,serve for the agricultural development,reflecting the continuous improvement of the government's perception of the development of agricultural science and technology and the deep grasp of the development law.(2)with the further development of the agricultural economy and the implementation of the land transfer system,the scale of the national land operation is increasingly high,and the large-scale operation in Xinjiang has also well developed.The description analysis of related statistical data shows that Xinjiang,combined with experience in the developed regions of the Middle East and local conditions of itsown agricultural production,has actively tried to develop and improve the cultivation of large growers,large family farms,farmers' cooperatives,land stock cooperatives and companies in the development process of modern agriculture,which is of great significance to increase farmers' income,to optimize the allocation of resources and to adjust the agricultural production structure.The statistical analysis of the microcosmic survey data shows that,all in all,scale operators in Xinjiang is good.First of all,they are relatively young.Most operators are between 41 and 50 years of age,accounting for 61.8% of the total sample.Secondly,their experience in agricultural production and management is abundant.Those with more than 5 years in agricultural production and management account for 96.1% of the total sample,of which those with more than 20 years account for 53.9%.Thirdly,62.7% of scale operators have received more than 9 years of schooling,7.9% of whom have more than 12 years of schooling.In addition,most of scale operators have received relevant training in agricultural skills or management guidance.(3)Since 2015,the agricultural TFP in Xinjiang has increased.However,due to the deficiency of the application of new technologies,the high investment resulting in slow advancing of technology is the typical feature there,which reflects that agricultural scientific research institutions has experienced low investment efficiency in Xinjiang.In terms of investment in science and technology,both capital input and personnel input have shown a rising trend year by year and have achieved a high level of investment.Specifically,for capital input,funds for scientific and technological activities of agricultural research institutions have amounted to 756 million yuan,which is higher than the national average level,and funds for the basic construction have reached 56 million734 thousand yuan,and 853 million yuan is in fixed assets,all of whole are in a leading position in the northwest region.The government funding is the main source of funds for scientific and technological activities and has increased year by year.As for personnel input,in 2015,the staff in agricultural research institutions engaged in scientific and technological activities have amounted to 2358 people in Xinjiang,higher than the national average level,and the scientific research personnel quality has improved year by year.As for the output,the number of patent admissibility has been in the fluctuated upward trend and has reached 271 in 2015,slightly higher than the national average level.However,the proportion of all the number of patent admissibility in northwest five provinces has significantly decreased.Although the number of other kinds of patent admissibility has been at the rising state and higher than the national average level,thegrowth rate is less than the overall level of the five provinces in the northwestern region.It can be seen that the growth mainly results form the increase of government support and the improvement of personnel quality,and the effect of technological progress on productivity is not significant.(4)The empirical analysis of land scale farmers' demand for agricultural science and technology shows that the actual demand and willingness for agricultural science and technology of land scale farmers increases with the increase of land scale,and that there are many influencing factors.The statistical description of the survey data and the Logistic regression analysis show that the demand for agricultural scientific and technological knowledge is large in Xinjiang.But there are obvious differences for different kinds of land scale farmers.Specifically,most respondents are willing to adopt resource-friendly and environment-friendly agricultural technologies,among whom,those with medium-sized land scale account for 83.4%,followed by those with the small-sized land scale 76.5%and then by those with large-sized land scale,71.3%.As for the influencing factors,factors such as the total household income,the amount of labor,and the production cost and concurrent occupation all have a significant impact on respondents with small-sized land scale;factors such as age,educational level,perceived production structure and perceived economic benefit,the amount of labor,easy to use and the production cost have significant effect on respondents with medium-sized land scale;factors such as concurrent occupation,transferred land acreage and perceived production structure have significant influence on respondents with large-sized land scale.For respondents in different regions,those who are willing to adopt resource-friendly and environment-friendly agricultural technologies in Northern Xinjiang account for78.5%,which is slightly higher than that of Southern Xinjiang,namely 78.2%.From the perspective of influencing factors,factors such as age,concurrent occupation,total land acreage,perceived economic benefit and ease to use have significant impact on respondents in southern Xinjiang.Particularly,transferred land acreage is the common factor affecting respondents' demand for agricultural technology in both southern and Northern Xinjiang.(5)The empirical analysis of priority order in agricultural science and technologies for land scale farmers shows that different farmers will choose different orders according to their needs and preferences with different influencing factors.Methods such as frequency method and cluster analysis are used to analyze landscale farmers' demand for agricultural science and technologies,and the multivariate Logit model is employed to explore the influence of respondents' personal characteristics,household features etc.on farmers' demand for agricultural technologies.The results show that most farmers are concerned with technologies before and during the production process,and few of them pay attention to technologies after the production process.The first five technologies that farmers choose among the given technologies are formula fertilization by soil testing,returning to the field,drought-resisting and energy-saving technology,efficient water-saving technology.Factors including area,total family income,educational level have significant influence on land-scale farmers' priority order in agricultural technologies.(6)The empirical analysis of farmers' priority order in agricultural science and technology show that the more the land scale farmers' demand for agricultural science and technology is,the larger the differences in their demand intensity are due to different influencing factors.Analysis on farmers' attitude shows that the demand of farmers in Southern Xinjiang in agricultural science and technology is significantly higher than that of farmers in northern Xinjiang.Specifically,the demand intensity in Tacheng area is the top,namely 60.7%,and the demand intensity in Turpan area is the lowest,only 22%.there are big differences in farmers' demand intensity between different regions.The measurement of the demand intensity of agricultural science and technology with the index of new technology input rate shows that factors such as area,educational level,concurrent occupation,gender and income do not have significant influence on farmers' demand intensity for agricultural science and technology,but those including age,transferred land acreage,service availability,environmental perception,the southern and Northern Xinjiang,total family income and easy to use have significant influence on farmers' demand intensity for agricultural science and technology.(7)There is imbalance between supply and demand to some extent in agricultural technology extension in Xinjiang.Especially,the structural imbalance between the contents and channels of technical services has not been solved.Analysis of the demand,demand priority order and demand intensity shows that,although Xinjiang has invested a lot of manpower,material and financial resources in agricultural science and technology extension,since farmers' demand for agricultural science and technology has been increasing,in the process of policy implementation,it is not timely to manage the existing differences so that the shortage of agricultural scienceand technology extension service has become increasingly prominent,and that the supply and demand for agricultural science and technology is imbalanced,thus the promotion of agricultural science and technology base is facing many new problems and challenges.Finally,it puts forward suggestions to meet farmers' demand of agricultural science and technology.The basic principle is government-led,associated with the effectiveness and efficiency,professionalism and sociality,industrialization and informatization.It should take policies and regulations related to the agricultural science and technology as the environmental guarantee,take agricultural research and information service platform as the material security,take the promotion of agricultural science and technology organization as a link and take the cultivation of new innovative agricultural talents as the key to provide scientific and technological support for the protection of land scale management and production from the aspects of the macro system construction and the micro policy measures respectively.The possible innovations in the study are mainly reflected in the following two aspects:First of all,as the core driving force of modern agricultural development,the key to successfully convert agricultural science and technology to real productivity is how to use advanced and applicable technology to serve farmers.There are numerous academic achievements on the adoption and promotion of agricultural technologies of different types of main bodies in China,which mainly take the eastern and central provinces as an example where the foundation for agricultural development is solid.However,few research concentrates on the application and promotion of agricultural technology in ethnic minority areas.To fill the gap,this study mainly focuses on farmers' behaviors of adopting agricultural technologies in ethnic minority areas,Xinjiang,which is of strategic significance to promote the economic development of ethnic minority areas.The environmental constraints are incorporated into the theory model of household technology adoption to underscore the economic mechanism of farmers' technology adoption behavior under the background of the transformation of agricultural development mode.Therefore,the research angle of view of this paper is innovative to certain extent.Secondly,the study has carried out a comprehensive and systematic study on the demand for agricultural science and technology of farmers in the scale of land management.According to certain criteria,the farmers of land scale management are divided into five types: large scale,medium scale,small scale,southern Xinjiang and Northern Xinjiang.Then,Logistic regression model was used to explore and analyze theadoption intention and influence factors of agricultural technology of five different types of land scale farmers.Next,using clustering method to analyze the priority of agricultural science and technology demand of farmers from perspective of farmers' differentiation. |
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