The Influence Of Mutual Relationship Between Formal And Informal Organizational Architecture On Performance

Formal organization and informal organization are two important forms of enterprise organizational architecture.Between them,formal organization refers to the conscious coordination activities or systems that control two or more people's actions;informal organization refers to special organizational relationships of unconscious,on-going,or repeated contacts among peoples in the enterprise.At present,from the domestic and worldwide perspective,the conflict and contradictions of formal and informal organizations are escalating constantly.There were large numbers of domestic and foreign enterprises that exposed the issues of corporate governance of formal or informal organization in every year.Such as the domestic Foxconn event,Hubei Jingzhou 7.26 elevator "eat" incident,as well as foreign Egyptian Escondido copper strike events,Bosideng.Belle and other stores to narrow the incident.With the Chinese economy into the "new normal",the stage of transformation of economic structure from the "structural growth" into the "structural slowdown" and background era of "Internet+ ",which all put forward a higher demand to formal and informal organizational structure of Chinese enterprises.This paper takes research on the overall structure of formal and informal organization and its impact on the performance and the mechanism of action from the perspective of structure,control and communication in theoretical and empirical analysis,which covers both methods of static and dynamic,two directions of short-term and long-term,three levels of departments,managers and empoyees.First of all,this paper puts forwark an integrated framework of mutual relationship between formal and informal organizational architecture,and explains it from the theory of organizational ambidexterity.The current researches of formal and informal organizational structures focuses mainly on formal and informal network(structure),formal and informal controls,and formal and informal communication,where formal and informal network focus on organizational static structural units,the formal and informal control of focus on power division of organizational structureal units from top to bottom that is a distribution of vertical dynamic power flow;and formal and informal communication is concerned about the organizational structure with the information exchange within units that is a distribution of horizontal dynamic information flow.The three perspectives are inclusive and link closely,and constitute an important aspect of the overall structure of the formal and infomal organization of the enterprise from different aspects together.This paper first describes a completely formal and informal organizational structure combining these three aspects,which include the consistency between formal and informal network,matching between formal and informal control and matching between formal and informal communication.The network is similar to people's skeleton,and control and communication is similar to the people's blood.Each view complcements with each other and indispensable.In addition,the theory of organizational ambidexterity argues that enterprise needs to ensure a balance between exploitation and exploration mechanisms for sustainable competitiveness.We believe that formal network and informal network(structure),formal control and informal control,formal communication and informal communication are different reflections of exploitation and exploration mechanisms of organizational ambidexterity in organization.Specifically,the consistency between formal and informal network is the reflection of balance of structural ambidexterity;the matching between formal and informal control is the reflection of balance of organizational ambidexterity;the matching between formal and informal communication is the reflection of balance of contextual ambidexterity.Therefore,in essence,the network consistency(structure),control matching,communication matching are different matching elements of organizational ambidexterity in organization,which constitute a complete formal and informal organizational structure.Secondly,this paper analyzes the impact of consistency between formal and informal network on performance and its mechanism and context factors from the perspective of the whole structure of department,and analyzes the whole network structure of representative sampling using the tool of social network.This paper reinterprets the concept of consistency between formal and informal network from the perspective of department,and examines the impact of it on performance.The results show that,first,different consistencies between formal and informal network have different effects on short-term market performance and long-term organizational performance.Among them,the consistency between sequential workflow network and friendship network has a negative influence on market performance.The consistency between authority network and friendship network has a positive influence on market performance.The inconsistency between reciprocal workflows network and friendship network has an inverted U-shaped influence on organizational performance.Second,structural exploitation plays a mediating role in consistency between sequential workflow network,authority network and friendship network and market performance;structural exploration plays a mediating role in consistency between reciprocal workflows network and friendship network and organizational performance.Among them,the consistency between sequential workflow network and friendship network has a negative influence on structural exploitation.The consistency between authority network and friendship network has a positive influence on the structural exploitation.The inconsistency between reciprocal workflows network and friendship network has an inverted U-shaped influence on the structure exploration.Structural exploitation has positive influence on market performance.Structural exploration has positive influence on organizational performance.Third,environmental dynamics has a negative moderating effect on structural exploration and has a moderated mediating effect between consistency of authority network and friendship network and market performance.In addition,this part also analyzes the whole network structure of the typical sample using the social network research tool of UCINET6.487.Thirdly,the influence of matching between formal and informal controls on the performance is investigated from the perspective of managerial control.Formal and informal controls are two important organizational control mechanisms,and most of the current research has neglected the discussion of its matching problem.Based on the current mainstream control structure and the perspective of organizational ambidexterity theory.this paper divide the mode of matching between formal and informal control into relationship-oriented control mode based on matching between result control and social control,bureaucratic target control mode based on matching between result control and culture control,interpersonal influence control mode based on matching between process control and social control,and culture edification control mode based on matching between process control and cultural control,and further examine its impact on performance and its internal mechanism and contextual factors.The results show that,first,different matching between formal and informal control has different influence on short-term market performance and long-term organizational performance.Among them,the bureaucratic target control mode has a positive influence on the market performance.The interpersonal influence control mode has an inverted U-shaped influence on organizational performance,and the culture edification control mode has a positive influence on organizational performance.Second,the adaptability of the organizational ambidexterity plays a mediating role between the interpersonal influence control mode,culture edification control mode and organizational performance.Among them,the interpersonal influence control mode has an inverted U-shaped influence on adaptability of the organizational ambidexterity,and the culture edification control mode has a positive influence on adaptability of the organizational ambidexterity.The adaptability of the organizational ambidexterity has a positive influence on organizational performance.Beisdes,the relationship-oriented control mode and the bureaucratic target control mode have a positive influence on the market performance.But consistency of the organizational ambidexterity is not significant to market performance.Third,the moderating effect and moderated mediating effect of environmental complexity and environmental dynamic on organizational ambidexterity is not significant.Finally,this paper analyzes the impact of the matching between formal and informal communication on performance from the perspective of employee communication.Based on the perspective of information flow between employees within the department,this paper defines the connotation of matching between formal and informal communication,namely,the overlap of' employees' communication in formal and informal communication with each other employees.And the paper analyzes its impact on short-term market performance and long-term organizational performance and its internal mechanism and situational factors.The results show that,first,matching between formal and informal communication has a positive influence on market performance and organizational performance.Second,contextual exploitation plays a mediating role in matching between formal and informal communication and market performance.And contextual exploration plays a mediating role in matching between formal and informal communication and organizational performance.Among them,matching between formal and informal communication has a positive influence on contextual exploitation and contextual exploration.Contextual exploitation has a positive influence on market performance.Contextual exploration has a positive influence on organizational performance.Third,the moderating effect and moderated mediating effect of environmental complexity and environmental dynamic on contextual ambidexterity is not significant.The conclusions not only provides support effectively for the mutual framework of the formal and informal organizational structure of this paper,but also points out the direction of Chinese enterprises to improve the departmental governance structure including departmental structure,manager control and employee information communication.