| Uneven geographical development is one of the most universal laws in human society based on the generally historical progress of human development.Related researches on uneven development have been so widespread in economics,geography,social sciences and other disciplines that now,this topic definitely falls into a slightly obsolete research question.But as the philosopher Heraclitus once said,"everything is flowing and everything is new".In this era of always changing,no matter whether social facts or knowledge systems are constantly renovated,thus this seemingly obsolete topic can glow with new theoretical light due to itself complexity or the change of existing conditions.With the vivid details of uneven development at separate spatial scales and the general resurgence of interest in Marxism research in the 1960s,the leftist thinkers such as Harvey and Smith re-examined the uneven development of capitalism in the field of space,and pioneered the dialectic materialist theory of uneven geographical development,which maintains that the uneven geography has risen to the structural condition of the existence and operation of capitalism,and becomes the concrete prerequisite and the result of capital accumulation and its space production.Specifically,as a prerequisite,uneven geographical development is the spatial mechanism for the continuous reproduction expansion of capital,while as a result,it is the product of the interaction between the division of capital production and geographical space.In addition,uneven geographical development is the dialectic movement of geographical differentiation and equalization of the development level and production conditions,presenting a dynamic evolution feature,which is constantly generated and reshaped by capital movement both in time and space to search higher profit.As a consequence,in the long run,geographical difference is in a process of "forming—breaking—re-forming",showing periodic variation of "the difference decreasing—the difference increasing—the difference decreasing again—the difference increasing again".With the rise of neoliberalism around the world,the wave of globalization of capital has swept all countries.Indeed,it is true that China is not exempt from being involved in the capitalist world system.In this context,capital logic,with the help of marketization,globalization and decentralization,has gradually played a dominant role in steering Chinese economy,resulting in many new forms and new features of regional uneven development in China.So,this paper proceeds along the line of hypothesis that the formation of uneven geography is consistent with the logic of potential capital accumulation,and uneven geography presents different characteristics with the change of capital forms among resourceful capital,industrial capital and intellectual capital,etc.With the evolution of different capital forms in the reality of uneven development in China as the point of departure,this paper mainly examines the varying characteristics and changes of regional development in China from the aspects of resources,industry and technology innovation,then explains this phenomenon from the perspective of capital reproduction,and some suggestions and thoughts are finally alluded.The paper consists of eight chapters.Chapter 1 is about the introduction,where the background of the topic,the underlying research issues based on the analysis of China's economic phenomenon,the research units,the data source,the research ideas and the technology route are all introduced.Chapter 2 is mainly the political economic logic of uneven geographical development.It focuses on the formulation and evolution of the theory of uneven geographical development and its final formation of dialectics,then gives an overview of related researches on China's uneven geography to seek valuable and practical theories and methods.Chapter 3 is about the research framework of uneven geographical development based on the perspective of capital logic.It discusses the specific influencing mechanism of capital accumulation on uneven development,then the general research framework is outlined in order to study China's regional uneven development.Chapter 4 is about uneven distribution of geographical resources in China.It respectively analyzes regional differences between the East-Middle and the East-West by selecting relevant indicators of natural resources and socioeconomic factors in order to illustrate the differentiation prerequisite of resources for the development of regional capital accumulation.Chapter 5 is about the regional uneven development of industrial capital in China.This chapter characterizes industrial capital with industry and its internal sectors,and comprehensive industrial development level,then respectively analyzes regional difference of these features,which contributes to revealing the driving forces of regional differentiation caused by capital accumulation.Chapter 6 is about the uneven evolution of China's regional intellectual capital.This chapter characterizes knowledge capital with indicators of innovation input and output and the system of comprehensive technical innovation in order to illustrate the mechanism of difference reconstruction during the process of capital accumulation.Chapter 7 is about the evolution and mechanism interpretation of uneven development of China's economic geography.This chapter makes a comprehensive analysis of the previously varying tendency of regional difference between industrial production and technological innovation,identifies the impacts of driving factors on the comprehensive development of industry and ability of technological innovative by using panel quantile regression model,examines the impulse response among economic difference,difference in the comprehensive industry development and difference in the ability of technology innovation,then summarizes the forming mechanism of uneven geographical development in China.Chapter 8 is about the conclusion and discussion.This chapter makes a comprehensive summary of previous relevant research contents,points out both the problems and possible innovations of the research,and makes further research prospects.The main conclusion of this paper is that from the evolution path of "resource base—industrial development—technological innovation",the regional uneven development of China exhibits certain regularity.In terms of the sequential evolution,differences between regional production and technological innovation presents spatiotemporal intersectionality,and their differences is not completely separate,but is alternately fluctuating up or down.In terms of evolutionary form,the differential forms between China's regions gradually vary from the low level production towards the high level of technological innovation.To summarize,the formation of uneven regional development laws in China is consistent with the cyclic logic of capital production,but it doesn't mean that regional uneven development is definitely the product of capital logic.Namely,firstly,under the influence of uneven geographical distribution of resources and its alienation mechanism,the accumulation of capital brings different development pattern of industrial structure.Then,manufacturing industry becoming the main core of industrial production re-amends and strengthens the resource-based industrial development pattern through the overlapping mechanism of localization economies and urbanization economies,thus,the industry-oriented spatial differentiation pattern is formed.However,under the effect of technological innovation,the pattern of uneven development is once again differentiated due to differential geographical innovation landscape,which contributes to maintaining the required spatial difference for capital circulation and accumulation.Therefore,uneven geography is structural,it is both the prerequisite for social sustainable production,but also the specific geographical structure produced by social reproduction. |
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