Research On The Supply-demand Imbalance And The System Improvement Of Rural Old-age Security In Our Country

Regarding the supply-demand imbalance of old-age security system in our country as the research object,this paper researches the two systems of economic security and service security and explores to improve old-age security system in our country.Low level of pension and weak supply of care service cannot meet rural old people's increasing demand of basic pension security.Besides,it cannot guarantee creditable life of the rural aged.For the purpose,effectively solves the supply-demand imbalance of old-age security system,changes the current imbalance and insufficiency of old-age security system and endows important theoretical and practical significance to better meeting rural old people's demand of pension and pushing old-age security system to develop from long-term trial reform to its maturity and invariability.Based on the angle of supply-demand,this research refers to China Statistical Yearbook,China Civil Affairs Statistical Yearbook,Social Service Development and Statistical Bulletin,2014 China Health and Longevity Tracking Survey Data and 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey,comprehensively utilizes the theory of public products,theory of welfare pluralism and theory of system vicissitude,and uses literature research method,interviewing method,actuarial method and quantitative research method to explore and analyze transition process of old-age security system and its balance between supply and demand.In the research,it firstly retrospects the transition history of old-age security system after the founding of the people's Republic of China,then judges the current supply and demand of pension insurance system and care service system,further surveys the factors which influence supply and demand of rural pension insurance and care service and analyzes the reason that causes the supply-demand imbalance of pension insurance and care service.Based on above analysis,it is the best method of eliminating the supply-demand imbalance of rural pension security to improve pension security system with the coordinated developmentof insurance and service.Based on qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis,the following conclusion can be got:Firstly,Since the founding of the people's Republic of China,China's rural old-age security system has remarkably developed.After the founding of the people's Republic of China,the system of rural pension security in our country has experienced four stages:shortage,exploration,adjustment and reform & advance.The transition of old-age security system can be seen as Pareto improvement of system pursuing high efficiency.The structure of pension security system becomes more and more reasonable;develops from single economic security to both economic security and service security,ability of solving social problems becomes better and better.The coverage of system of rural pension security gradually expands;pension insurance system has almost covered every corner of the country.care service expands from initial replenishment service to be generalized service.Responsibility-right relation of principal parts in pension security system becomes reasonable gradually;the system framework that emphasizes participation of multiagent is built gradually.Secondly,The contradiction between supply and demand of rural pension insurance is outstanding,the payment level of pension insurance is much lower,effect of pension insurance is not good,The system operates in low efficiency.Starting from the level of pension insurance,actuarial science model and ELES model are used to estimate demand substitution rate and target substitution rate of rural pension insurance.In the estimation,a large gap exists between the supply and demand of rural social pension insurance.In current system design and payment choice,target substitution rate of new rural social pension insurance is too low.Besides,it is far away from demand substitution rate.Peasants' basic demand of pension cannot be met.At the same time,there is large difference between rural pension and urban pension.In the status of system separation,imbalance of group interest is serious.According quantitative estimation,age of insurance payment,standards of payment and rate of return on investment are important influencing factors of target substitution rate of pension.Income of farmers,personal preference and life and consumption habit are important influencing factors of pension demand substitution rate.Current supply-demand imbalance is caused by the lack of scientific top-level design and reasonable system design,the imbalance among personal responsibilities,national responsibilities and social responsibilities,the non-ideal effect of maintenance and appreciation of value of new rural social pension insurance and so on.Thirdly,general supply of rural social care service is deficient but it is relatively surplus.In microcosmic perspective,empirical analysis method is used to analyze the large difference between the supply,use and demand of rural social care service and those of urban social care service.The analysis prominently shows the delay and current deficiency of rural care service,making up for the deficiency of data support in previous normalized analysis.In quantitative research,the contradiction between supply and demand of rural social care service is prominent;integral level of supply is low;supply of hardware facilities and software service delays.At the same time,demand of rural old people' social care service is exuberant;content of demand is diversified but the level of utilization is low.Family pension resource and health level are important factors of care service demand.It is thought that the important inducement of current supply-demand imbalance is the traditional development thought that fund security is emphasized and service security is ignored & cities are emphasized and villages are ignored.To eliminate the supply-demand imbalance of old-age security system,the best choice is to improve system.Based on above research,the main policy suggestions for improving old-age security system are listed below: Firstly,accelerate the transformation of the old-age security system;Secondly,establish effective legal safeguard mechanism;Thirdly,establish accurate demand aiming mechanism;Fourth,establish a supply mechanism based on demand;Fifth,establish a stable financial security mechanism;Sixth,establish a reasonable responsibility sharing mechanism.