| At present,the global warming,the depletion of the ozone layer,the air pollution and water pollution are being plagued by the world.The Eighteen &Nineteen(PCCP)proposed the construction of "Ecological Civilization",and "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets",opened a new era of ecological civilization construction Chinese.With the transformation of major social contradictions in China,one of the most prominent imbalances is the imbalance between economic development and ecological environment conservation,the imbalance between population economy and resources and environment,and the imbalance between human and nature."Promoting resource conservation and recycling","completing the three lines of control,the ecological conservation redline,permanent basic farmland and urban development boundary","set up state-owned natural resources assets management and natural ecological supervision institutions".The road of "beautiful China" will certainly help the protection of the world's ecological environment,and also usher in a new strategic opportunity for the construction of ecological civilization.Study on the formation of the related theories and methods,different from the western ecological environment research based on system control scheme,the case of Oriental wisdom to solve the global environmental problems have become increasingly prominent role,theory,methods,ecological civilization construction technology,practice and case study will be the focus of academic research,very significance.As the world's population increasing and the rapid development of economy,rising human use of land resources,all of this for natural resources and ecological environment caused great pressure,excessive exploitation and utilization of resources will be beyond the limited capacity of the ecological environment.Land use and land cover change(LUCC)is an important part of the global environmental change,effect and influent the different structure and service function of various ecosystems.Knowledge of LUCC and its ecological effect,especially the impact of the typical lake region of urbanization construction land expansion on ecological environment,have great significance to explore the sustainable development of the lakeside regionalecosystem and watershed eco-urban construction,which can provide reference basis through land use planning,land resource management decision making,land resource allocation protection and improvement of regional ecological environment in turn.Dianchi Watershed(DW)is the most active areas in Kunming and Yunnan's economic and social,it is the concentrated area of urban and rural construction and development.However,along with the large-scale development and rapid economic development,the basin ecological regulation and self-recovery function gradually weakened and lost,biodiversity reduced,water quality deteriorated,lake pollution is increasingly serious,caused the increasingly serious basin ecological environment problems.Many reasons for the aggravation of lake pollution and the unrecoverable ecosystem function in Dianchi basin,among which unreasonable land use is one of the important reasons.In order to reveal the DW ecosystem structure and function change under the human disturbance such as regional urbanization development and land use,and the optimal allocation of land use under the restriction of the ecological effect of land use,according to“the data acquisition,cover change,ecological pattern,time and space process,effect of restraint,and situational optimization”,this study collect remotely sensed data of five periods of longer span,in combination with 3S(RS,GIS,GPS)technology,it deeply analyzed the DW land use change and influence mechanism during1974-2016,the space-time distribution rules and its driving factors of DW ecological service function and ecological sensitivity in different angles of land use change,the possible effects of lakeside ecological environment in full consideration of basin ecological status and land use.The study set up indicator system to comprehensive evaluate the ecological constraint effect,identificate and divide the ecological constraint region into different grades,do a research on scence simulation of intensive utilization of s and using the dynamic simulation model of land use,such as SLUTH to patial optimization under the basin land ecological constraint,and put forward the new development model of land use based on Ecosystem Services Value(ESV)enhancement.Attempts to explore a new model of intensive use of land in urban villages in the plateau lake basin,coordinated with ecologicalenvironment conservation,and from the perspective of land use to explore the economic development of typical urbanized areas on the highland lakeside and new approach of protection ecosystem function,it also puts forward countermeasures,suggestions,and practical significance for urban construction land expansion control in the sustainable development of DW,so as to provide possible decision-making reference for DW Eco-city construction and environment conservation.The conclusions of the paper are as follows:(1)In the 1974-2016 years,the data analysis of land use change in Dianchi basin showed that the main land use types are continuously decreasing except for construction land.The distribution of land use types with different slopes and elevations is obviously different.Overall,slowly at first and then accelerated dynamic characteristics of land use in Dianchi basin,continuing to enhance the speed and strength of the construction land expansion basin are strengthening,expanding slowly and then rapid and middle growth process;Due to the expansion of urban construction land and the interference of human activities,the circulation of land use types is frequent,the landscape changes are intense,the degree of aggregation is decreased,the connectivity of patches is weakened,and the diversity of landscape is declining.The comprehensive analysis shows that along with the urbanization process in Dianchi basin,the construction land expands and expands gradually,the idea of rational use of land for intensive use of land and rational use of construction land needs to be strengthened.In the early stage of urbanization,the transfer among various types was mainly driven by agricultural structure,land reclamation and afforestation.With the acceleration of urbanization and the adjustment of industrial structure is the main driving force,construction land is the main transfer type.In the later period,the land use change is intense.The rapid expansion,industrialization,tourism,flower and orchard base of Kunming urban villages are the main driving forces of land use change.The proportion of the first industry in the last stage is very low,and the proportion of the third industry continues to expand.The main driving force is still the rapid development of urbanization,real estate and tourism.However,with the implementation of ecological rehabilitation and construction projects in Dianchi,the land use change of construction land is slowing down due to the development of low hills and gentle slopes and the strategy of mountainclimbing(2)Within past 43 years,DW ecosystem services value continues to decline,the overall ESV net reduce 13.04 yuan,drop about 17.12%,mainly due to the rapidly increase of construction land,it shows that the ESV of the research area is in the sustained and rapid erosion trend in whole.As the future development of Kunming urbanization,therefore,we need to focus on the construction land expansion and the restrictions of the basin ecology,it is necessary to strengthen the policy measures such as land conservation and intensive utilization to control or mitigate the decreasing range and trend of ecosystem service value.The ecological value structure is stable.From the the Unit Area Ecological Service Value(UAESV),all slope sections decreases with height.DW ESV of each elevation present with the characteristics of decreasing with the increase of height.(3)From 1974 to 2016,the order of service value of each service has not changed overall,the minimum contribution rate accounting for 1%(food production),to the maxmum rate accounting for 21%(water conservation).In The sensitivity index CS is less than 1,and the evaluation is credible.Within past 43 years,DW land use change brings the ESV continues to reduce.The ESV continues to decline brought by the land use change has the accelerated trend,the biggest problem is that the land use change brought to the negative ESV of construction land conversion.Within past 43 years,in DW,the UAESV is in Wuhua district(2016),the highest is in the West mountain district(1998),seen from space,it shows that north and west is high,centre and southeast islow,the ecological spatial pattern of each county in the whole five periods has remained basically stable.Low ESV areas are the most intense human disturbance,different research stage range have slight change,overall the space trends to expand.In general,the ESV level change area of each administrative unit is mainly concentrated in the middle,development zone and Chenggong District of Dianchi basin,which is frequently converted into areas and their disturbance activity is strong.During1974-2016,distribution with different levels of grid unit ESV in DW has a certain degree of change,space difference is significant,but the overall pattern remain basically stable,it presents the distribution characteristics that the middle and southeast are much higher than those in the surrounding area.86.38%of the regionalecological service level drops,in general,mainly because the DW is still the key development area of urban and rural construction and development,low local ESV rating area increased rapidly and concentrated,natural protection measure is limited,slow progress of returning farmland to lake and forest policy,but the area is the key areas of improvement and control,it should be further planned to limit or eliminate the construction and development of the surrounding lakes in Dianchi lake by demarcating the ecological protection red line area.In 1974-2016,DW ecosystem services value space aggregation degree is weakened first and then enhanced continuously,it has a tendency to increase During the study period,the high-value of ecosystem service value and the low-value accumulation area basicly showed the uniform layout characteristics,the water area of Dianchi lake was high,the north and the central and eastern regions of Dianchi lake were low.Ecological service cold spots zones are mainly distributed in the main city area-Kunming national economic and Technological Development Zone-Chenggong district new city-Ma Jin Pu–Jin City-Jinning(district),the area ecosystem service value is low,there is a concentrated expansion trend in general,mainly because of the urbanization development,population,industrial agglomeration and human activities interference.(4)DW ecosystem service value per capita impact the greening rate most,population,GDP per capita,the proportion of the tertiary industry,GDP energy consumption per ten thousand yuan,urbanization rate have negative effects on ecosystem services value.Increasing the greening rate is an important measure to improve the value of ecosystem service.The most important negative factors influencing the value of ecosystem services is the proportion of the tertiary industry and GDP per capita,therefore the DW can improve the level of ecosystem services through improve the level of intensive land use.The improvement of the new technology industry level and the reduction of industrial energy consumption;the increase of population and urbanization rate also reduce the service value of ecosystem services,and urban economic itself will put pressure on the regional ecological environment;Typical urbanization concentration areas and urban development zone has greater influence than the ecological conservation development area,shows that the development level of different counties and differentdrivers must have differences.Different counties have different development level,driving factors must have differences,the influence of typical inhabited areas and towns urbanization development zone is greater than the influence of ecological conservation development area.(5)Dianchi lake ecological economic bearing is limited,it is a city–town-village development important ecological constraints in the Dianchi basin,and in the region,evaluation quantitative bearing capacity assess and quantificate to a certain extent,is the ecosystem service function value.It is an important ecological constraint in Dianchi basin to maintain the necessary ecological land and promote the urban-town-village land use and agricultural cultivated ecological utilization land use.High ecological constraint zone ban all urban construction development activity,Lower ecological constraint zone development can be based on suitability for economical and intensive utilization.The optimal allocation of land use in Dianchi basin needs to consider the two constraints of ecological and urban conservation.Innovative design of the theory of county-rural land use pattern:natural development mode,ecological constraints mode,intensive utilization of development mode,intensive use development model under ecological constraint.Based on the dynamic simulation of SLEUTH model,it shows that various patterns show construction land scale have a significant growth trend over time,and the urbanization development under ecological constraints is the most intensive model.The Urbanization expansion of DW is not sustainable,it should take the intensive utilization of development model under the restriction of ecological,on the premise of retaining most of the ecological land.(6)Different years/scene mode have different ESV,whether the total ESV or UAESV,ecological development pattern is the highest,only under the premise of increase the land for forest ecological area,Civilization construction,DW ecosystem services can be developed.In addition to the development control mode,three of them present the convergence trend of ecosystem service value,but the latter obviously shows a slower decline rate and shows a fast convergence trend.Under the ecological development scenario model,when the construction land about 813 square kilometers,the total value of ecosystem services in Dianchi basin is stagnant and decline,and it will show the benign development trend of the improvement of ecosystemservice value.Look from the simulation time,proportion of various types of ecosystem service value change trend,mainly because under different scene mode,expansion of the construction land is related to the three main ecological land(cultivated land,forest land and water)use control and development.The total scale of construction land must be constrained by the function of the fragile ecosystem function and the total land size and structure of the lake in Dianchi valley.(7)Comprehensive study put forward the ascending land use optimization strategy based on ecosystem services:Based on the control countermeasures of enhancing land use ecological economy carrying capacity,the urbanization scale of Dianchi basin is controlled appropriately and the land use structure of urbanization is adjusted;Optimizing urban function and industrial structure;to implement the zoning control of Kunming ecological construction and environmental protection measures;Kunming city planning should pay attention to the ecological red line.From strengthening land intensive utilization and management mechanism.Determine the Dianchi basin town village development model scientificly and reasonable,control the speed and scale of construction land expansion,strengthen the construction of river basin ecological protection,and intensive land use,industrial transformation and upgrading and so on. |
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