Economic Development Of The Northeast Guizhou In Qing Dynasty(1644-1840)

Northeast Guizhou,which is located in the hinterland of Wuling mountain area,is the transition zone leading to the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau from the inland plain area of china.Influenced by the geographical environment and the ethnic groups,the Central Dynasty often appointed Tusi before Ming Dynasties to achieve the political demands of maintaining regional stability.In the period of song and Yuan,Tusi of Tian’s gradually become administrative agency of central government in the northeast of Guizhou Province,leading the development of regional economy.There is a proverbs that "thinking of sowing Tian Yang,Huang Cen Guangdong and Guangxi".In the early Ming Dynasty,Tusi of Tian’s competed for the Mercury mine and have been abolished.And then,Central Dynasty implement the administrative system of inland on the one hand,and promote economic development through immigration on the other hand.Qing Dynasty is an important historical period of economic development in Northeast Guizhou,and has been significantly improved in the economic aspects of agriculture,handicraft industry and mining industry.In the aspect of agriculture,the population was growing,which meet for the demand of labor for Land reclamation.corn,sweet potato and other crops has Plant in the barren land.The scale of land use has considerable size.As of the close ties with the inland,farming technology has significantly increased,grain yield increased gradually,farming,water conservancy,tools and other aspects significantly improved.The economic crops in Northeast Guizhou were extensively planted in the Qing Dynasty.On the one hand,it improved the efficiency of land use,and on the other hand,it showed the close relationship between agricultural production and regional market.At the same time,handicraft industry and mining industry were also improved compared with the Ming dynasty.Under the promotion of local government,the cotton planting area expanded further,and the textile industry gradually emerged.Other handicraft industry also developed with the influx of immigrants from the mainland,which led to the development and utilization of regional forest resources.The mining and smelting technology of mining industry has been improved,especially the mercury mine in Northeast Guizhou has become a scarce material,and the value is huge.Tongren Prefecture,prefecture of Sinan mercury mine is rich in resources,a lot of field office,national attention,plays a leading role in regional economic development.With the development of the Yong Zheng period of the Qing Dynasty chieftain,Miao around the Northeast Guizhou have been opened,the Ming Dynasty,which change the dilemma of Tusi volatile,promoted the formation and development of northeast Guizhou trading network.Northeast Guizhou Trade City,Tongren city government to think of as a regional center,the town as nodes,expanding the scope of radiation.Material trade with "Sichuan salt","Chu cloth" for the bulk of imported goods,local native products such as cotton,wax,paint,tung oil,herbs and so on by merchants sell mainland.All merchants,businessmen from other provinces dominated domestic commodity trade,despite the development of local vendors,but its economic strength,business scale is still in the primary stage.Therefore,commodity trade in Northeast Guizhou had distinct external control in Qing dynasty.Businessmen from other provinces to the major urban market set hall,built temple,led to the development of town economy in northeast area of Guizhou province.In the process of economic development in Northeast Guizhou during the Qing Dynasty,the state presence was always the key factor.Since the early Ming Gai,northeast Guizhou to officials under the authority of the state in the characterization of the extension of the region.The late Ming and early Qing Dynasty,northeast of Guizhou Province and the war plagued social economic depression.In Qing Dynasty,the national economic recovery policy through reduced corvee and taxes,on the other hand,to strengthen the national power in the Northeast Guizhou region extension.By adjusting and perfecting the functions of local government,the state has become the leading force in leading regional development.At the same time,the local government efforts to repair city roads,dredging,strengthen the Northeast Guizhou transport links with the mainland.Since the Ming Dynasty changed the land and returned to Guizhou,the financial income of the region has been insufficient for a long time and faced enormous financial pressure.The taxes will probably continue to delay the system of the Ming Dynasty,and innovation in Ming Dynasty financial malpractice,so in Qing Dynasty in northeast area of Guizhou Province is less than wealth,but can be maintained,and the national financial aid policy,financial firms need to meet it.Money given by the people also.The Qing Dynasty established more effective measures to deal with famine and social relief system.These systems and measures cushion the economic inequality in the process of economic development in Northeast Guizhou,and have an important influence on maintaining social stability.Social stability is not only an important objective of the presence of the state,but also an important guarantee for regional economic development.Economic development of the Qing Dynasty to the northeast of Guizhou was the epitome of the development of the mountainous areas in Wuling.It not only embodies the regional character,but also has the universality of the economic development in the southern mountainous areas.To summarize the historical influence of Qing Dynasty in northeast economic development,has historical significance to our understanding of the relationship between national and regional economic measures,adjust economic development in minority areas in southern mountainous areas of poverty alleviation and development policy etc..