Inquiry The Northeast Urbanization Late Qing Dynasty(From 1861 To 1911)

The urbanization of the Northeast in the late Qing dynasty was carried out under specific historical conditions, which was a complex historical process combining the impact of external forces and internal phase. This process was not only the transition from traditional agriculture cities to modern industrial cities, but also the evolution from feudal cities to semi-feudal and semi-colonial cities.As an important part of the modern China's urbanization, the urbanization of the Northeast in the late Qing dynasty had formed the unique northeast features after experiencing a difficult and tortuous development under the imperialist aggression and the impediment of domestic feudalism. In the 50 years of the late Qing Dynasty, urbanization of the Northeast had experienced four continuous historical stages:the beginning, development, expansion and climax. During these four stages, some strong historical features had been formed, that is, a late start, rapid development, diversity of type, unbalance of geographical distribution, non-sustainable development, population growth of exotic and a strong sense of semi-colonial characteristics. It had a far-reaching historical influence. To some extent, it promoted the economic development of the Northeast. It accelerated the modernization of the Northeast's politics. And it promoted the modernization transformation of the Northeast's culture, and stimulated the changes of the social structure of the Northeast. This made cities in the Northeast of the late Qing dynasty changed from closed to open, from purely political center into a comprehensive economic center, so that the modern transition had been initially realized. However, throughout the 50-year development process of the Northeast urbanization in the late Qing Dynasty, it always proceeded under the aggression and oppression imperialist. So urbanization, with distinct colonial characteristics, resulted in a series of problems of urbanization, and eventually led to the urbanization of the Northeastern in the late Qing dynasty to grow abnormally and slowly.Considering the current situation and looking back on the past, it is clear that urbanization of the Northeast in the late Qing dynasty is the process of oppression and aggression of imperialist on the Northeast, and also is the process of moving continuously towards modernization of China. We must learn from history and carry on the past and open a way for future, and constantly promote the construction and development of the Northeast cities, to raise the level of urbanization of the Northeast and contribute to the revitalization of the Northeast old industrial base. Studying the issue of the Northeast urbanization in the late Qing dynasty had a deep-rooted historical significance for rationalizing the time clue of the formation, development and evolution of the Northeast modern cities; summarizing the era features of the urbanization of the Northeast and even China; probing into the law of the development of China's modernization; deeply understanding features of modern China's semi-feudal and semi-colonial society. It has a great significance for correctly understanding the historical conclusion that only socialism cans the modernization of cities and societies of China is finally accomplished. And it even supplied historical experience and theoretical reference for continuously promoting current China's market economy and urbanization process, particularly for revitalizing the Northeast old industrial bases.