| In recent years,China has attached huge importance to the development of strategic emerging industry.As a key area for cultivating new kinetic energy and gaining new competitive advantages in the future,graphene has played a major role in guiding the overall direction of science and technology,big picture and long-term development of economy and society.New-birth technology provide an opportunity for late-comer to catch up or leapfrog advanced countries,so strategic emerging industry become a key area for China to achieve a global science and technology power in 2035.As a representative of the new materials field,graphene is considered to be equipped with great potential in application and will be widely used for economic and social development.In future,it can become the most ideal material for manufacturing chips.It is also be listed as a member of strategic emerging industry in the "13th Five-Year"National Development Plan of Strategic Emerging Industry issued by the State Development in November 2016.At the same time,as it is a new-birth technology,graphene was included in the frontier field by the "Industrial Technology Innovation Capacity Development Plan(2016-2020)" issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in October 2016.At present,global graphene technology development and industrial innovation is located in the forefront.Many countries and institutions are committed to taking the lead in market opportunity.Meanwhile,China stand with other developed at a closed starting line which will be an opportunity for China to catch up.This opportunity grasped by Chinese government was reflected in the rapid development in graphene area.China has surpassed other countries in publishing papers,papers' citation,patent applications and industrial scale in recent years although it is a latecomer.One of the main reasons is promotion and application of the parallel innovation model in innovation of graphene.It is very typical.Parallel innovation model focus on chronological order of each innovation stage.Different from linear innovation model,parallel innovation model refers to different innovation stages,especially of which high speed growth,keep development synchronously in industrial innovation in a period of time and overlapped with other innovation model which concentrated on different perspective.Saving time and shortening the industrial development cycle are obvious advantages of the parallel innovation model.It is suitable for industrial fields that emphasize time as the main competitive advantage.Hence,it is considered to be suitable for inn ovation in frontier fields by many scholars.The research on the construction of the parallel innovation model mainly divided into formation reasons and required conditions,but it is necessary to prove that parallel innovation model existed in the domestic graphene industry innovation at first.According to the theory of sector patterns of innovation and the analysis of status of domestic graphene industry,the research concluded that graphene industry was equipped with the characteristics of science-based industry and specific supplier industry.Combined with the feasibility of data collection and measurement operability,the research divided the innovation processes of graphene industry into three:scientific research,technology application and commercialization.At the same time,the research defined three indicators to represent the three process of graphene innovation:published papers,application patents,and enterprises.The study collected data of different indicators from its' birth time to December 31,2017,and adapted to the time of the high-speed growth rate in Logistic,Germptze,and Richards curves of the technology prediction software Loglet Lab 4.Based on the Product Life Cycle of Gort and Klepper,the research found that the scientific research and technology application process were in parallel innovation from 2009,when the domestic graphene industry innovation is going to enter the first stage,to 2013,the end of the first stage.The process of technology application and commercialization keep development synchronously from the beginning year of the second stage(2014),and keep this trend until collected deadline of the research.At the same time,the research found the parallel innovation model was inclined to exist in the second stage of the G-K product life cycle because of the characteristics of the parallel innovation model.The research analysed the causes of parallel innovation model from two perspectives of internal(industrial characteristics,technology regime)and external(policy instruments),combining two discipline paradigms in technology innovation and public management.The internal perspective is industrial characteristics and technical systems which based on the theory of sector patterns of innovation.The research found that the transfer from different quadrant of scientific research in graphene,the emphasis on patents,the emphasis on internal research and development,and users as important source of opportunity,these industrial characteristics or technology regime become internal reasons for parallel innovation model among different innovation stages.At the same time,based on the Pasteur quadrant and Pavitt knowledge classification,the research thought scientific research target at specific user and application can make parallel innovation model exist in all processes of innovation,like scientific research,technology application and commercialization in frontier industry with science-based and specific supplier industry characteristics.External reasons explored from the perspective of public policy tools,and analysed how to build environment beneficial to parallel innovation model,based on theory of policy instrument.This chapter first list policy or document include parallel innovation model,then analyzes the representative public policy tools to promote and maintain parallel model in graphene adopted by the Public management domain dominated by the Governmenl,and enumerates two case studies.It is found that the domestic graphene policy tools are biased towards the demand side and the environment side,which not only shortens the time lag bet.^ween producers and users,but also prolongs their existence in the market.The adoption of these policy tools tends to create a user innovation model for user participation in innovation,while at the same time becoming one of the reasons why all of its innovation stages do not simultaneously enter the parallel innovation model,so the study takes it as a perspective to suggest how to promote parallel innovation at different stages of innovation.Based on internal and external analysis,the research concluded technical and management supporting conditions respectively,and proposed all conditions the model required combining with required conditions decided by feature of parallel innovation model.It provided reference for other frontier area to promote parallel innovation model.Meanwhile,the research listed some problems referring to promotion of parallel innovation model in the process of innovation in graphene,and proposed some advice for innovation of graphene in the future especially from respective of public administration.The study of parallel innovation model in the research focused on specific industry case,graphene.It equipped with innovation in research respective as compared with previous related research,and provided suggestions for other frontier fields to implement and adjust parallel innovation model in the future.Secondly,the theoretical significance of this research is to expand the influence of the concepts of Sectoral Pattern,Pasteur Quadrant,Pavitt Knowledge Classification and User Innovation on parallel innovation model,provide theoretical basement of reasons for formation of parallel innovatioin model.Meanwhile,the last 3 theories also provide theoretical basement to make suggestions for how make all stages exist in parallel innovation mode at the same time. |
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