| Location theory is the distribution theory that explains various economic behaviors spatially,which is the basic theory of regional economics,economic geography,urban economics and other disciplines.With the rapid development of economy,regional development,especially regional economic development,has become one of the core issues of governments at all levels,as well as the important practical problem and theoretical direction that academic circle and society pay attention to.Among them,the research of key problem includes location problem,the research of regional economics is also the result of attention to the location problem.The early micro location theory started from the location of manufacturers' projects,such as distribution of agricultural production and site selection of the industrial enterprise,from the classical location theory to the neoclassical location theory,and the research perspective of location theory has shifted from the micro to the macro.Macro location theory is to study the use and arrangement of spatial economic field formed by governments at all levels to comprehensive economic activities.Based on this,this thesis studies the distributional difference of macro location in tourism industry from the perspective of macro location.The development of China's tourism industry has experienced from insufficient industrial supply capacity to become a national strategic pillar industry,at the same time,the difference of regional spatial distribution of tourism industry has become increasingly prominent.The main method of macro location theory is to extend and expand the traditional location theory through general equilibrium economic analysis;on the one hand it can solve the problem of regional differences in the development of tourism industry,on the other hand it promotes reasonable layout and optimal configuration of tourism elements,function on the space,which is a positive and effective space development protective pattern.This is also the initial inspiration of the combination of location theory with tourism industry,to propose macro location of the tourism industry.The significance of this topic lies in further expanding the location theory,investigating the overall spatial distribution of a country's tourism economy from the perspective of macro location,and studying the spatial distribution and regional planning of the country's tourism industry by taking macro location as an endogenous variable,which makes up for the deficiency of micro location theory that only focuses on the site selection of micro enterprises.At the same time,from the perspective of general equilibrium,this paper studies the impact factor of the tourism industry's macro location and the advantages through the analysis of the development status of the tourism industry,aiming at reducing the regional negative effect caused by the micro location.Finally,the study of macro location theory has a positive impact on the rational development of tourism resources,the optimal configuration of production factors of tourism industry and the improvement of spatial organization structure of tourism industry.Making appropriate use of the advantages of macro location and formulating effective regional development policies for the tourism industry play a significant role in the sustainable development of the tourism industry and the promotion of the tourism industry in the national economy.The main content of this study can be divided into three parts.First,the theoretical framework is explained.Through the summary of the related research review and theoretical basis,the thesis first discusses the deficiency of micro location theory in the special distribution application of tourism industry,and points out the applicability of the micro location theory in spatial distribution in tourism industry,and discusses the micro location theory of tourism industry,including the concept definition of the tourism industry macro location,the research scope,the subject of decision-making and advantage of macro location.At the same time,the impact factors of the macro location of the tourism industry are further studied,and it is pointed out that the impact factors of the macro location of the tourism industry include resource endowment,regional trade volume,traffic convenience,macro differential rent and policies and systems.Second,the thesis conducts empirical research on the theoretical framework.In order to explain the relationship between macro location and the difference of spatial distribution,this paper constructs the macro location index of tourism industry,adopts the box statistics and spatial autocorrelation statistical analysis,and used the panel data from 2000 to 2016 of 31 provinces and regions in China to make an overall analysis of the spatial difference of China's tourism industry macro location distribution,and studies the degree of spatial difference and its formation mechanism.Then,the spatial econometric analysis is carried out on the impact factors of difference of spatial distribution of the tourism industry's macro location distribution.By constructing the index of the advantage of tourism industry's macro location,the empirical test is made on the impact factor of spatial distribution of the tourism industry's macro location distribution.In addition,this paper studies the convergence mechanism of regional differences of tourism industry promoted by macro location.Through the construction of theoretical model of the convergence mechanism and the empirical analysis of the convergence of the ?-convergence,club convergence and ?-convergence,it summarizes the mechanism analysis of the macro location to promote the convergence of regional differences.Finally,in terms of policy research,it proposes the development policy of China's tourism industry,based on the macro location,and it puts forward the policy suggestions and development ideas to solve the difference of macro location distribution of China's tourism industry from such three aspects as the macro location policy,the coordination policy of the regional difference of tourism industry and the development prospect of China's tourism industry under the macro location.During the research process,in order to get credible and authentic conclusion,this thesis discusses the spatial difference of macro location distribution of tourism industry by using various research methods.Firstly,methods of induction,analysis and summarization are mainly applied to theoretical research and literature review.By summarizing the location theories at home and abroad,the previous relevant research experience and deficiencies are summarized,and the overall framework of this thesis and the goal and purpose to be achieved are clarified.Secondly,the standard research method is mainly reflected in the macro location theory and the macro location framework analysis of tourism industry.This thesis summarizes the general principle of macro location,macro location factor and advantage,and the essence of macroscopic location,and expounds the macro significance of location.Based on the deficiency of micro location theory in the spatial distribution of tourism industry,the paper summarizes the application of macro-location theory in the spatial layout of tourism industry and the principle of macro location of the tourism industry.Finally,the empirical research method is conducted mainly based on the standard research,using relevant data of the macro location and tourism industry for analysis.Additionally,descriptive statistical analysis,factor analysis,regression analysis of common second method and spatial econometric analysis are conducted using software such as SPSS,ArcGis,GeoDa and Excel to provide evidence to the research hypothesis proposed in this thesis.The innovation of this research lies in:(1)Theoretical Innovation.The difference of spatial difference and its relevant research of tourism industry development has always been a hot topic in tourism research,but the research on the operational mechanism of the distribution difference is still rare from the perspective of macro location.This research puts forward the tourism macro location theory,combines the macro location with the analysis of difference of spatial distribution,and reveals the difference of the tourism industry spatial layout under the influence of macro location and its impact factors.In other words,the location factors of social and economic development on tourism development and regional differences are analyzed from a macro perspective,and the macro location theory of tourism industry is formed,to create a new theoretical perspective for eliminating regional differences in tourism industry,provide the theoretical basis for formulating regulatory policies for the functional principle of macro location of tourism industry,and enrich the research method and content system of location theory of tourism industry.(2)Empirical Innovation.In order to understand the macro location and its characteristics of tourism industry,it's necessary to carry out empirical analysis.Thus,this thesis first discusses the content and performance of the macro location factors,then finds the application points of the integration of tourism industry and macro location by combining with the nature of tourism industry,and then discusses the difference of the macro location distribution of tourism industry by constructing the macro location index.Then,it constructs the model of the impact factors of the spatial heterogeneity of the macro location distribution in the tourism industry.A spatial econometric regression model is established to describe the behavior based on the functional characteristics of various primary variables in the macro location selection,and the mechanism of the formation of the difference in the macro location distribution of the tourism industry is tested.Finally,according to the macroscopic location theory,this thesis analyzes the influence of the macro location advantages on the convergence degree of the spatial distribution difference of tourism industry through the convergence model,and expands the application of location theory in the coordination of regional spatial differences.(3)Policy Innovation.The tourism industry,like other national economic industries,needs macro guidance and policy support from the government.The former policies were inflexible,and guiding policies were seldom issued on the distribution difference of the macro location of the tourism industry,thus making the policy in the dilemma.So this thesis puts forward the macro tourism location theory,which aims at adjusting the spatial differences of the regional distribution of China's tourism industry,and puts forward the policy theory of tourism macro location,so as to better play the guiding role of government macro control and planning on the development of regional tourism industry.According to the theoretical framework analysis and relevant empirical studies,the main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The embryonic form of structure of spatial distribution difference of tourism industry has been formed,that is,the polarized area dominated by the eastern coast and the southeast coast;the coordinated development areas dominated by Circum-Bohai sea region;the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River;the lagging region dominated by southwest and northwest region.The grade-scale of macro location spatial layout of China's tourism industry has taken shape,and the agglomeration effect and diffusion effect have begun to appear.(2)Assessment of spatial difference and its formation mechanism.It shows that China's tourism industry has been in a relatively differentiated state of development.The formation mechanism of regional differences is generated from clustering areas,that is,agglomeration effect between high-quality region and high-quality region,and agglomeration effect low-quality region and low-quality region.(3)From the result of parameter estimation of macrocosm space,it expands the research perspective of the impact factors of the tourism industry macro location through the spatial econometric model,and reveals the impact factors of the tourism industry macro location from the perspective of geographical space,including tourism resource endowment,regional trade volume,transportation convenience,macro differential rent and systems and policies.(4)From the result of parameter estimation of localized space,the spatial heterogeneity analysis of the impact of the spatial difference of the macro location distribution of the tourism industry,if the trade volume of tourist areas increases by 1%,and the macro location advantage of tourism industry will increase by 0.1871 to 0.2200%;if the transport convenience increases 1%,and macro location advantage of tourism industry will increase by 0.1769 to 0.2031%.If the tourism resource endowment is increased by 1%,and the macro location advantage of tourism industry will be increased by 0.2289 to 0.2415%.If the macro differential rent increases by 1%,and the macro location advantage of tourism industry will increase by 0.1325 to 0.1405%.If the support for policies and systems increases by 1%,and the macro location advantage of tourism industry will be increased by 0.4850 to 0.5315%.(5)According to the convergence analysis of the distribution difference of tourism industry under the macro location,there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the development stage of tourism industry and the regional distribution.In order to realize the transformation of regional economy of tourism industry from non-balanced development to coordinated development,the less developed areas can be brought by developed areas through certain institutional arrangements;macro location drives the convergence of regional differences in the coordinated development of regional tourism industry.From 2000 to 2016,the convergence speed of the regional difference of the macro location distribution of China's tourism industry was 2.51%.If the convergence of the regional difference will be achieved at this rate,the convergence time needed to achieve balanced development of the tourism industry is 27.6 years. |
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