| The spatial perspective is a new perspective and hotspot of academic research."Capital" is the most important political economics work of Marx.In "Capital",Marx first put forward the concept of "space" when discussing land rent,pointing out: "Space is the key to all production and all human activities." In addition,many of Marx's spatial thoughts are also implicit in Capital.Beginning in the 1960 s,Western scholars began to reread Marxism from a spatial perspective,and created the new Western Marxist space theory with Lefebvre,Harvey,and Castell.However,through academic review,it is found that some domestic scholars are easy to confuse Marxist space theory and Western New Marxist space theory.Therefore,theoretically exploring the space theory contained in Capital Theory can not only deepen the understanding of Marxism through spatial dimension,but also facilitate us to clarify the development and change of the space theory of Capital by the new Marxist space theory.So as to "Do not forget the original,absorb the outside,and face the future." From the practical level,it is expected to provide some ideas for the spatial layout of the economy and the regional coordinated development strategy,and give some guidance for guiding the practice of social space.The report of the 19 th National Congress pointed out that the main contradictions of Chinese society in the new era have changed,and they have turned into contradictions between the people's need for a better life and the imbalance and under-development.The imbalance between urban and rural areas and between regions can be summarized as spatial imbalance.Only through the methods of Marxist historical materialism and dialectical materialism can we study the spatial imbalance and solve the imbalance,while from the "root" of the motive force of the development of productive forces.The contradiction can promote regional coordinated development and achieve spatial balance.This article mainly discusses from two aspects.The first aspect is the theoretical part,which regards the space theory of Capital as an exposition of the principle of "space".From the "Capital" and its manuscripts abstract space theory,which to adapt to the social production and production conditions and production methods,as well as to promote the smooth development of production and circulation of the space conditions.According to the logic of Capital,it is divided into the spatial elements that affect the field of capitalproduction—objective labor and non-objective labor,referred to as “production space”.The spatial factors affecting the field of capital circulation—transportation tools,natural differences in geographical locations,credit systems,and the ratio of fixed capital to working capital,are referred to as “circulation space”.Because of the special limitations of the space constraints of agricultural production and circulation,such as the interruption of production stage,the difficulty of preservation of agricultural products,and the short shelf life,it is expressed in terms of “land space”.From the "Capital",we can also summarize three principles,the principle of instant space transformation,the principle of unbalanced space development-space crisis theory,the principle of space circulation of commodity exchange.Then it summarizes the research and development of Marxism in the Western New Marxist space theory.Firstly,it reviews the origins of Western New Marxist space theory and briefly points out the differences between Western New Marxist space theory and spatial economics,and then specifically compares the "Three Musketeers" of Western New Marxist space theory and the "Capital" space theory are different,and thus proposes the theoretical innovation appeal of constructing the social space theory of Chinese characteristics.The second aspect is to extend the concept of “special space” through spatial planning practice.Western capitalist countries use space planning as the main tool or means to alleviate the capitalist crisis by adjusting spatial geography,but the results of spatial planning have not achieved the goal of spatial equilibrium.For example,under the capitalist system and decentralization,multi-centered strategies in spatial planning cannot effectively resolve regional imbalances.,the capitalist national space plan is used to improve transportation,communication,national geographic restrictions,credit system,etc.,all in order to exchange the time saved in circulation for a new space for economic development,and to win sustainable development for capitalism.What's more,the urbanization and capital expansion of capitalist countries have caused spatial isolation and social differentiation of different classes.The “balanced metropolis” and “de-urbanization” in spatial planning cannot effectively solve problems because of space isolation in countries such as the United States.The isolation between the rich and the poor has completely exceeded the reasonable and controllable scope,which is different from the universal heterogeneity that Marx considers and the spatial imbalance within a reasonable range caused by differentstages.The principle of political economy behind the implementation of spatial planning in the developed capitalist countries in the West embodies the realistic representation of the space “non-neutral”.This is not the transfer of human will,but still reflects the consciousness of the interests of a few ruling classes..The attempt by China as a socialist country for spatial planning is different from the effect of spatial planning in capitalist countries.The key reason is that the essential characteristics of socialism differ from the private possession of capitalist means of production.This is a space construction with Chinese characteristics."Chinese characteristics" are embodied in four aspects: theoretical characteristics,practical characteristics,characteristics of the times,and national characteristics.At the Third Plenary Session of the 18 th Party Congress in 2013,General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed for the first time to establish a spatial planning system,marking the official start of socialist space construction with Chinese characteristics in the new era.The new era of socialist space construction with Chinese characteristics should be guided by the new development concept,with "ecological civilization" as the main line,"three lines" as the bottom line,and "three-life" space as the starting point and the foothold.The goal is to achieve "one "Blueprint","expanding and developing new space" in production,and achieving deep interconnection in circulation.The new era of socialist space construction with Chinese characteristics has developed Marxism from a practical level.First,in addition to production and life,the concept of "ecological space" has been added.This is the most prominent feature of the socialist space construction with Chinese characteristics in the new era.Second,it expands the upper bound theory that influences production and circulation in the space theory of Capital.In Capital,Marx believed that the upper limit of production development under the capitalist system was limited by the capital of higher development level.In the new era socialist space construction with Chinese characteristics,it was also considered that production was affected by ecological laws and restored by nature.The ability is the upper limit,and the initiative to clear the bottom line is also the time and space for continuing human development and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.There are two main points in the innovation of this paper.One is to explore the space theory from the classic Marxist text Capital,and summarize the three principles of the space theory of capital,the principle of instant space transformation,and the principle of unbalanced space development-Space crisis theory,the principle ofspatial circulation of commodity exchange.The second is a summary of the space building of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. |
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