Research On Collaborative Innovation Of Industry And University:Based On The Perspective Of Proximity

In recent years,China's science and technology and economy have developed rapidly,technological innovation pace of firms has accelerated significantly,and technological innovation capacity has been significantly improved.However,the problems relating to deep dependence of core technologies on foreign countries are still serious,and the lack of independent intellectual property has become the major obstacles of China's firms to participate in the international competition.In this context,the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy and promotes the independent innovation road with Chinese characteristics with the will to construct an innovative country.Industry-university collaborative innovation plays an important role in the process of national independent innovation ability construction and national innovation system improvement and it inevitably requires new theories to guide practice.However,research on the theory of industry-university collaborative innovation at home and abroad is not sufficient.This paper explores industry-university collaborative innovation based on the perspective of multidimensional proximity.It empirically analyzes the impact of multidimensional proximity on the formation of industry-university innovation collaborations,and how multidimensional proximity affects the performance of collaborative innovation,with a specific focus on the interactive effects.In addition,this paper correspond the association of regional innovation systems in geographical space,social cyberspace and technology space to geographical proximity,social network proximity and technological proximity.And then empirically analyzes the impact of these dimensions of proximity on cross region industry-university collaborative innovation performance.This study enriches the research of proximity dynamics,especially the empirical research.It is of great significance to further enrich the existing theory of proximity theory,organization cooperative innovation theory and regional innovation system theory.This study mainly unfolded from the following aspects,and here present the main research contents and conclusions of this paper:(1)Effects of multidimensional proximity on the formation of industry-university innovation collaborationsBased on the data of invention patents jointly applied by Chinese firm and university provided by Chinese State Intellectual Property Office,adopts the method of rare events logistic regression,this study empirically analyzes the impact of multidimensional proximity on the formation of industry-university innovation collaborations,with a specific focus on the interactive effects.The results show that geographical proximity is indeed a promoting factor in achieving industry-university collaborations and firms are more inclined to cooperate with universities in the same province.Social proximity can promote the formation of industry-university cooperative innovation relationship.And we find that the impact of technological proximity on the formation of industry-university innovation collaborations takes an inverted-U shape.Our results suggest that there are significant interactive effects between geographical proximity and social proximity but no significant interactive effects between geographical proximity and technological proximity.From the dynamic view of proximity effect,contrary to general expectations,the impact of geographical proximity on the formation of industry-university innovation collaborations strengthened over time,social proximity effect also showed an enhancing trend,but the effect of technological proximity is found to have waned with time.This study also tests the different effects of multidimensional proximity in different technical fields.Geographical distance is the obstacle to cooperation in all the four technical fields.And firms tend to cooperate with universities in the neighboring social relations regardless of technical field.While the effects of technological proximity are only significantly takes an inverted-U shape in the two technical fields of chemical and mechanical engineering,in the field of electrical engineering and instrumentation have not find the inverted-U shape effect.(2)Effects of multidimensional proximity on industry-university collaborative innovation performanceBased on the perspective of proximity,uses joint-patent data provided by the State Intellectual Property Office patent retrieval database,adopts the method of negative binomial regression analysis,this study empirically analyzes the impact of multidimensional proximity on industry-university collaborative innovation performance,with a specific focus on the effects of technological proximity,especially concern the interactive effects of geographical proximity and technological proximity.The results show that geographical proximity does not positively affect the performance of industry-university collaborative innovation.The geographical proximity of the cooperation partners is not a guarantee of cooperation performance.Firm and university located in the same province does promote collaborative innovation performance,but the effect is not significant.The effect of technological proximity on industry-university collaborative innovation performance takes an inverted-U shape,and this inverted-U shape relationship is negatively regulated by geographical proximity.That is,the greater the distance between firm and university,the more positive the impact of technological proximity on collaborative innovation performance.(3)Effects of multidimensional proximity on China cross region industryuniversity collaborative innovationThis study adopted the method of panel data fixed effect negative binomial regression analysis,empirically analyzed the impact of geographical proximity,social network proximity and technological proximity on cross region industry-university collaborative innovation performance.The results suggest that the network size and network density of the industry-university cooperation network between Chinese regions are expanding and the centrality of the network has also changed.The results show that the effect of geographical proximity on cross region industry-university collaborative innovation performance is positive and significant;the effect of social network proximity on cross region industry-university collaborative innovation performance is positive but not significant.Our results also suggest that the effect of technological proximity on cross region industry-university collaborative innovation performance does not take an inverted-U shape and the promoting effect of technological proximity is significant.The contributions of this paper are as follows:Firstly,based on the data of invention patents jointly applied by Chinese firm and university,this study empirically analyzes the impact of multidimensional proximity on the formation of industry-university innovation collaborations.We especially pay more attentions on the impact of technological proximity and the interactive effects.Moreover,this paper studied the dynamic effect of proximity and also tests the different effects of multidimensional proximity in different technical fields.This enriches the application of Proximity Theory in the study of Chinese industry-university collaborative innovation,and provided new evidence of Chinese data in proximity studies.Secondly,this study empirically analyzes the impact of multidimensional proximity on industry-university collaborative innovation performance,with a specific focus on the effects of technological proximity and the interactive effects.The study of interactive effects enriched the study of proximity dynamics,and made new breakthroughs in theoretical interpretation.Thirdly,this paper correspond the association of regional innovation systems in geographical space,social cyberspace and technology space to geographical proximity,social network proximity and technological proximity.And then empirically analyzes the impact of these dimensions of proximity on cross region industry-university collaborative innovation performance at the regional level.The social network proximity is a concept that this paper attempts to put forward on the basis of the research on social proximity and network proximity.The effect of social network proximity on cross region industry-university collaborative innovation performance has rarely been studied.Lastly,this paper proposes a new measurement of technological proximity and confirms the reliability of this measurement.This to some extent expanded the research of technological proximity and the measurement.