Research On The Interaction Between Spatial Structure Of Regional Industrial Enterprises And Total Factor Productivity

In the process of industrialization,an important supporting force for economic development in a region is the development of industrial enterprises,especially those above the scale.Based on the theory of economic geography,this paper establishes the interaction mechanism between the evolution of spatial structure of regional industrial enterprises and total factor productivity.Then,according to the hierarchical logic of“spatial statistics-spatial analysis-cause analysis”,taking Shaanxi Province as an example,it studies the interactions between the evolution of spatial distribution of industrial enterprises and total factor productivity.The main contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)The spatial structure and evolution of industrial enterprises in Shaanxi Province.Based on “China Industrial Enterprise Database”(2003-2013),the position coordinates of industrial enterprises are obtained by using crawler technology,and the spatial pattern evolution of industrial enterprises above the scale in Shaanxi Province is studied from point data and surface data respectively.By using geographic information tools such as kernel density analysis,standard deviation ellipse and spatial autocorrelation,the author finds that the spatial pattern of industrial enterprises in Shaanxi Province has changed from a single core to a dual core structure in the past ten years after the development of the western region,namely,the two growth poles of Xi'an and Yulin,and the focus of industrial development is different,which is a dual-core mode of differentiation.The evacuation trend of industrial enterprises in traditional core area such as Xi'an is very significant and has a clear direction,but it is still dominated by evacuation in the suburbs;the integrated development pattern of Xi'an and Xianyang city has been formed which promotes the development of the whole Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi areas;the self-reinforcing development pattern of Guanzhong Plain's continuing path dependence has gradually changed from the original East-West point-axis spatial pattern to the banded network space model,and the industrial structure has obviously inclined to the manufacturing of high-tech special equipment and biopharmaceutical industry.In the past ten years,the spatial pattern of industrial enterprises in northern Shaanxi has changed remarkably.It has leaped from the original marginal area to one of the regional core areas.Relying on the advantages of its own resource endowment,it has formed an industrial cluster mainly based on energy and chemical industry,with the Shenmu-Fugu region ofYulin City as the core.(2)Estimation of the total factor productivity of industrial enterprises in Shaanxi Province.Total factor productivity represents the productivity and efficiency of regional industrial enterprises,which is very important for the survival and development of enterprises.Enterprises with high productivity will also have strong competitiveness.Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)is used to measure the total factor productivity of industrial enterprises in Shaanxi Province.The results of DEA super-efficiency show that there are large differences in production efficiency between districts and counties by horizontal comparison,and there are many districts and counties in obvious non-efficient intervals,which have great room for improvement.The estimation results of DEA-M index indicate that,thanks to technological progress,the total factor production rate shows a relatively rapid growth in the past ten years and maintains a synchronous growth trend with the national macroeconomic operation.(3)The influence of total factor productivity on the spatial structure evolution of industrial enterprises in Shaanxi Province.In order to explore the influence of total factor productivity on spatial distribution of enterprises in a region,a geographically weighted regression method is used,taking the total factor productivity with one lag period as one of the independent variables,together with other factors that may affect the spatial distribution of enterprises.The results show that the total factor productivity has no significant impact on the spatial distribution of enterprises,but it is correlated with the change of spatial distribution and its correlation coefficients vary greatly in space.Xianyang and its peripheral areas in Xi'an are negatively correlated,while northern Shaanxi are positively correlated.Having using geographic detectors to further explore the spatial differentiation of enterprise distribution,the author finds that total factor productivity has a relatively significant explanatory power.This result confirms the theoretical construction that the change of total factor productivity has an impact on the evolution of enterprise spatial distribution.(4)The influence of spatial structure change of industrial enterprises in Shaanxi Province on the change of total factor productivity.The author constructs a model by taking the change of location quotient of each two-digit industry which can be used to represent the spatial structure change of industrial enterprises in Shaanxi Province as independent variable and total factor productivity as dependent variable.Fitting results show that there is a positive correlation between total factor productivity and locationquotient of industrial enterprises in Shaanxi Province during the study period,that is,the higher the degree of specialization,the higher the total factor productivity.At the same time,the change of TFP of other industries with spatial correlation will also cause the same direction change of TFP of this industry.In a word,through a series of related studies,this paper verifies that total factor productivity has a certain influence in the evolution process of spatial structure of regional industrial enterprises.The evolution of spatial structure may be affected by productivity changes,and the total factor productivity of industries in the region will also be affected by the evolution of spatial structure of regional industrial enterprises.This conclusion is of great significance to the path choice of regional industrial development.Whether regional industrial development is self-reinforcing path dependence or path breakthrough of industrial transformation depends to some extent on the interaction between the two.