| With the development of tourism economy and changes in the world tourism pattern,China's important position in the world tourism economy has become increasingly prominent.While China's tourism industry is pulling domestic demand and promoting consumption,it also brings a series of resources and environmental issues.As the scale of the tourism industry continues to expand,the waste of resources and the level of environmental pollution will continue to deepen.Research on the efficiency of input and output of tourism has become an important research topic.In the past,the study of tourism efficiency focused on the measurement of efficiency and the analysis of influencing factors,and the research paradigm of space-time evolution has been widely used.Considering the diversity of input and output factors of tourism resources,we usually use the tourism total factor productivity index to measure economic growth.But in the design of the indicator system,environmental factors are rarely included as input and output indicators in the measurement category.However,in the actual development process,the tourism industry is indeed facing tremendous environmental pressure,and energy investment will inevitably bring about the negative output of carbon dioxide emissions.Based on this,this paper uses energy consumption as an input indicator,and carbon dioxide emissions as an output indicator,which is included in the tourism total factor productivity research system,and uses a “bottom-up” approach to estimate the total energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions of China's tourism industry,so we can study the difference in energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions of the eastern,central and western regions.By using the Malmquist-Luenberger(ML)index in the Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)model,we can also measure the tourism total factor productivity in 31 provinces and cities in China from 2007 to 2016,and the time-space difference of total factor productivity and its time series evolution from energy/carbon emission decoupling index are analyzed.The results show that: First,China's energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions are both on an upward trend,and the trends of energy consumption and carbon emissions are the same.The inter-provincial tourism energy consumption and carbon emissions are significantly different,and the eastern region is far more than the middle and the west.From the point of view of industry differentiation,tourism transportation,tourism accommodation and tourism activities are very different.Tourism transportation accounts for the largest proportion of total consumption/emissions,tourism transportation and tourism activities show an increasing trend year by year,and tourism accommodation industry shows a trend of decreasing.Second,the national tourism total factor productivity is generally increasing.The development of tourism economy mainly depends on technological progress,the level of technical efficiency is not high,and the level of pure technical efficiency needs to be improved.Third,from the regional perspective,the total factor productivity of all regions in the country is significantly different,showing an imbalance condition.The eastern tourism economy is far more developed than the central and western regions.The eastern and central regions are mainly driven by technological progress.The western region is mainly driven by technological efficiency,and mainly depends on scale efficiency.Fourth,combined with the decoupling index of energy consumption/carbon emissions,China's tourism economy is divided into four stages: negative decoupling positive growth,weak decoupling positive growth,strong decoupling negative growth,and negative decoupling negative growth.Finally,based on the results of empirical research,this paper provides suggestions on tourism economic growth from the aspects of tourism technology innovation,regional planning,infrastructure construction and policy guidance,and puts forward the prospect of future tourism economy research. |
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