Research On The Structure Characteristics And Evolution Of The Inter-provincial Tourism Spatial Network In The Mainland Of China

With the rapid development of technology such as high-speed rail and expressway,the high-speed transportation network is continuously improved,the flow of tourists is more frequent,the spatial function of tourism elements is more intense,and the network structure of tourism space is continuously reconstructed.The tourism space network has become a focus of tourism development that government at all levels and tourism enterprises are paying close attention to,and there is an urgent need of theoretical support to meet the practical needs of the scientific development of tourism in the new era.This paper takes the tourism space network in 31 provinces,cities and autonomous regions of mainland China as the research object.It carefully defines the connotation and extension of tourism space network based on the existing literature and through the profound thinking.It constructs the index system of the characteristics of tourism space network based on the complex network analysis method and taking the dot,line and surface three levels as the logical starting point.It measures the superiority level of space by using three indexes of quantity,adjacency and intensity,measures the spatial connection level by using three indexes of quantity,direction and weight.This paper takes a total of 14 indicators to comprehensively characterize the structural characteristics of inter-provincial tourism spatial network structures in mainland China based on eight indicators: heterogeneity,reciprocity,reciprocity,modularity,stability,compactness,agglomeration,accessibility and hierarchy to measure the development level of network.The tourism gravitation model is the key technology to depict the trait of tourism space network.It improves the relevant parameters which is close to the objective reality and is the technical basis for accurately depicting the characteristics of China's inter-provincial tourism space network.It takes the model construction method and estimates the constant coefficients of the model.The constant coefficient is k = 0.2559,the “travel force”parameter of tourist generating region is ?=1.3852,the “attraction” parameter oftourist destination is ?=0.5358,and the “traffic impedance” parameters is?=1.1037.The following conclusions can be drawn from the comprehensive studyof this paper: 1.The inter-provincial tourism spatial network in mainland China shows four distinct features.First,the level of inter-provincial tourism spatial network in mainland China is low in the west and high in the east.The major tourist destinations and generating regions,as well as the spatial networks built by the tourist flows generated by them which show a “water-drop” shaped high-level development region along Hebei(North)-Shanghai(East)-Guangdong(South)-Sichuan(West),and the significance is very obvious.Second,the inter-provincial tourism space network in mainland China shows two types of space,and they are the“close-type mass link structure” and the “enclave-type cross-link structure”.In densely populated areas with spatial networks,“close-type mass link structure” such as Shanghai,Jiangsu and Zhejiang were found,as well as long-distance “enclave-type cross-link structure” such as Jiangsu and Guangdong were found.Third,the flow of inter-provincial tourist flows in mainland China shows asymmetric properties.The marginal areas,especially those in Tibet,Gansu and Qinghai,which all flow to the provinces like Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shandong in the “water-drop” shaped area,but the latter has not experienced the flow scale to the former and the reciprocal benefits extent of the provincial tourism flow is very low.Fourth,China's provincial tourism space network is hierarchical.The network nodes are characterized by four levels: the first level network nodes are four center nodes in Jiangsu,Shanghai,Zhejiang and Guangdong;the second level network nodes are Beijing,Henan,Anhui and Shandong;the third level network nodes are Tianjin,Hebei,Liaoning,Fujian,Jiangxi,Hubei,Hunan,Sichuan,Yunnan,Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia;other provinces and autonomous regions are the fourth level.Generally speaking,China's inter-provincial tourist space network has a large entropy value and a large amount of disorder energy within it.If strong external forces are not used,the characteristics of China's inter-provincial tourism spatial network,especially unbalanced development,will remain not change for a long time.2.The interprovincial tourist space network in mainland China has shown four evolutionary rules.First,the dominant areas arestable in the development process.The main tourist destinations,main tourist generating regions and dominant regions in China are relatively stable.Except for the northward to Liaoning in 2011,the geographical scope of China's major tourist destinations and the main tourist generating regions are relatively consistent,basically fixed in the north to Hebei and the east to Shanghai,south to Guangdong,and west to Sichuan's geographical area.The order of main tourist generating regions is more stable than the tourist destination.The outflow of four space nodes in Guangdong,Shanghai,Zhejiang and Jiangsu has been the top four,which is a typical tourist generating region.The dominant flow occurred in Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Guangdong,Beijing,Shandong,Henan,Anhui and other provinces.Among them,the flow between Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Guangdong is the strongest and the most stable flow to Jiangsu.Second,the development of tourist flows in the neighboring regions shows obvious advantages.Inter-provincial tourism space network has not yet completely exceeded the impact of geographical divisions,and it still takes the seven major geographical divisions' internal flow as the main flow.Thirdly,the evolution route of high-flow-rate inter-provincial tourist space networks extends from east China(Shanghai,Jiangsu)to east China(Shanghai,Jiangsu and Zhejiang)and south China(Guangdong),and then promote to the central China,north China,southwest China,northeast China,and finally including the northwest China.Fourth,the growth rate of inter-provincial tourist space network is not balanced.The network grew fast in the regions of Hebei(North)-Shanghai(East)-Guangdong(South)-Sichuan(West),and grew very slowly in other regions,especially in the Northwest area.Sichuan,Shaanxi,Guangdong and Liaoning are the important bridge points for the network to grow westward,southward and northward.