| With the rapid development of city commercial banks,rural commercial banks,rural banks as the representative of the local small and medium-sized banks,continuing to enhance the quantity and scale of local small and medium-sized banks,market share and competitiveness,has become an important part of China's banking industry.But what can not be ignored is that there are many problems in the development of local small and medium-sized banks,which are manifested in their lack of independence,distinctive features and lack of competitiveness.The reform and development of local small and medium banks can,on the one hand,learn the experience of small and medium-sized foreign banks and,on the other hand,find experiences and lessons from the history of China's small and medium-sized banking institutions.County Bank of modern China is a typical type of local small and medium banks.On the basis of collecting and combing the historical data,this paper applies the theory of economics and finance to study the modern County Bank of china.This paper expounds and analyzes the structure and performance of Bank of China county from 1915 to 1949,in order to summarize the experience and lessons for the reform and development of small and medium-sized banks in modern areas.Based on the origin and development of modern County Bank of China,this paper studies the structure and performance of County bank as the main line,and draws the conclusions and implications of county bank.This paper consists of three parts,including 6 chapters.The first part is the introduction,namely the first chapter.This part expounds the general and the background and research purpose of this article,a summary of County bank data and related research,describes research ideas and research methods,innovation and shortcomings of this paper,theory and relevant concept definition.The second part is the body,which is chapter 2-5.The main contents are:The second chapter is the origin and development of modern County Bank of china.On the basis of introducing the background of County bank,this paper briefly reviews how the West Bank thought was introduced into China and sprouted and developed,which eventually produced County bank thought.The development course of County bank is expounded.The contents are as follows: first,summarize the emergence,germination and development of the western bank thought in China,and the emergence of County bank thought.After the introduction of the western banking thought into China,it gradually split up,and the idea of bank specialization combined with the idea of local banks gradually produced the idea of county and local agricultural and industrial banks,that is,county bank thought.Second,review the origin,exploration and rise and decline of county bank.From 1915 to 1940,it was the origin and exploration stage of county bank.County banks in this phase include County agricultural and industrial banks and other county banks operating within the county territory.During this period,county banks developed slowly and even stagnated.From 1940 to 1949,it was the period of development and decline of county banks.The birth of County bank law in 1940 marked the county bank entered a new era.With the strong support of the national government,the number of county banks has increased rapidly and the coverage has expanded rapidly,and achieved a certain degree of development.After 1947,county banks went into decline.The third chapter is the analysis of modern Chinese County bank governance structure.In the light of the characteristics of County bank officials and merchants,the governance structure of modern County bank is analyzed from three aspects of ownership structure,organizational structure and incentive and restraint mechanism.The main contents are as follows: firstly,the shareholding structure of County bank and government merchants' joint venture.County bank capital mainly comes from equity financing,including official shares and commercial shares of two parts.The shareholding structure of County bank has no uniform requirement in the period of agriculture,industry and banking,the proportion of government and business shares of County bank,and the county,county and bank are different.After the county bank law was promulgated,all counties and banks should comply with the requirement that the proportion of official shares should not exceed half of the requirements.Second,the organizational structure of county banks.The external organizational structure of County bank adopts a single banking system,and generally does not establish branches and cross regional banking system.The internal organizational structure of County bank has the characteristics of modern joint-stock company system.Third,the incentive and restraint mechanism of county bank.It can be divided into two categories: administrative incentive and restraint mechanism and market incentive and restraint mechanism.Administrative incentive mechanism mainly include: government official shares executive selection mechanism,official government shares executives with administrative management mechanism,the bank management personnel job changes and income distribution incentive mechanism.The main mechanisms of market incentive and restraint are: the mechanism of selecting top managers of stock market according to the market mode;the market mechanism of employing stock executives;the market power,incentive and restraint mechanism of County bank executives.The fourth chapter deals with the business structure of modern Chinese county banks and government officials.This chapter analyzes the business structure of modern County Bank of China from two aspects: policy operation and market operation of county bank.The main contents are as follows: firstly,the policy business of county bank.According to the size of the business,the focus of policy business is relatively large business scale policy deposits,loans and agency business.The policy of deposit by Treasury Deposits and government deposits of two parts.Form policy loans and direct loans with Treasury overdraft two.The main business agent to raise government bonds and fractional currency etc..Second,the county bank's market-oriented business.According to the size of the business,market-oriented business with deposits,loans and exchange business based,focusing on the county bank commercial deposits of the source,classification,deposit interest rates and reserve requirements.Market lending is the most important lending way for county banks,focusing on the purpose,mode and interest rate of market-oriented lending.The fifth chapter is the performance of modern county bank.According to the target and characteristics of County bank,the county bank performance evaluation system is constructed,including macro,meso and micro three aspects.The main contents are as follows: first,from the county bank to the financial industry of the county economy and county of Xinxian County construction bank performance,wartime economic and financial policies such as implementation and effect,to study the macroeconomic performance of County bank and macro political performance.Second,from the county bank and county banking composition,industry competitiveness and market share of county banks,analyze the county bank's meso performance.Third,from the three aspects of operational performance,organizational performance and personnel performance,the micro performance of county banks is analyzed.The third part is the conclusion and the enlightenment,namely the sixth chapter.The main contents are:The sixth chapter is the conclusion and Enlightenment of the modern County Bank of china.On the basis of the study of County bank structure and performance,draw conclusions and implications.According to the research,four conclusions are drawn about the modern Chinese County bank governance structure,business structure,performance and development: one is the core of modern county governance structure is the relationship between the bank Chinese officer shares and business shares;two is the heart of modern County bank China business structure changed from market to business policy business;three is the root of County bank Chinese performance Limited modern is lack of core competitiveness;four is the transformation of modern County bank China development by induced changes to mandatory changes.According to the research contents and conclusions,combined with the actual local small and medium-sized banks,get three enlightenments: one is the development of local small and medium-sized banks need to clarify the relationship between the government and the bank;the two is the development of local small and medium-sized banks need to construct the appropriate governance structure;three is the business development strategy of local small and medium-sized banks need to clear the service of local development.There are three innovations in this paper: first,the innovation of the research content.In recent years,the research of the modern Chinese local small and medium-sized banks less,the research results of the modern China County bank,only a few papers,have not yet found a systematic research achievement throughout the period of the development of county bank.This paper makes a positive exploration for the study of the history of modern Chinese banking,especially the history of small and medium-sized banks.Two is the innovation of the research angle of view.In the research findings of modern County Bank of China at present,it is mainly a study of a certain period or a certain aspect of county bank.It has not yet found the research results from the perspective of bank structure and performance in the whole development phase of modern County Bank of china.Three is the innovation of research materials.The research process of this paper,through the preservation of the National Library and archives of Sichuan Province,Guizhou province archives and other institutions and the historical consulting,journals,books,network database and other channels,to collect part of primary and secondary data,some data is the first public use. |
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