| High-tech industry is an important guarantee for a country to realize its innovation strategy.Its innovation level represents a country’s high-level,advanced and autonomous nature of technology,and also determines a country’s international economic status and technological competitiveness.The improvement of innovation level depends on the improvement of technology efficiency level,because the level of technology efficiency can reflect the allocation ability of innovation resources,the labor productivity of industry,and the adaptability of industry to the changes of market demand.It is significant for period of the transformation and upgrading of the old and new kinetic energy in China.Technological efficiency represents the degree to which the actual activities of the producers are close to the frontier.It essentially reflects the producers’ ability to use the existing technology.This kind of ability is not only related to the internal factors of the system,but also affected by the external environment.The more the external environment adapts to the technology currently owned by the enterprise,the more the enterprise can release its potential and thus improve it.The performance of enterprises is the problem of adaptive efficiency put forward by North.China is in the transitional period,in where,the current institutional arrangement is a transitional one,which is essentially a concrete reflection of the inadequate adjustment of power structure and the unstable structure of social rights.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out adaptive adjustment.Because adaptive efficiency describes the characteristics of institutional structure,which are closely related to the rules formulated by the state.This study is represented by two main research perspectives of science and technology policy-government R&D subsidies and science and technology policy texts.By examining the effect of these methods,it can provide the basis for the change of system structure and accelerate the process of system transition in China.Thus,this study takes government R&D funding and science and technology policies as representatives,which are the most important rules formulated by the government and can effectively promote technological innovation.By examining the effects of these rules,this study provides a basis for institutional structural changes to speed up institutional transition in China.In view of this,based on the phased evaluation of technological efficiency and non-parametric model method,this paper analyses the impact of government R&D funding on technological efficiency,and reveals the mechanism of external environmental factors affecting technological efficiency.Meanwhile,through establishing a series of econometric models,this paper empirically examines the effect of science and technology policy,and evaluates science and technology policy.By which,This paper reveals the government’s promotion that science and technology policy affects the technological efficiency of high-tech industry,and provide the basis for finding the path of technological efficiency improvement of high-tech industry.This paper draw main conclusions as follow:Firstly,on the whole,China’s high-tech industry has developed fast.Its total volume has been increasing,the scale of China’s high-tech industry has been expanding,and its dependence on foreign markets has also maintained a steady development.However,the intensity of R&D investment has been growing slowly.From the perspective of 2-digital-code industry,the manufacturing industry of electronic and communication equipment is absolutely dominant,but the intensity of R&D investment is very low,which shows that it has not played a leading role in improving innovation ability.In terms of spatial distribution,high-tech industries are mainly distributed in the eastern region,while the northeast region is not only the smallest in scale,but also the weakest in innovation ability.From the perspective of the growth capacity of high-tech industry,all industries are on the rise,and their capabilities are greatly affected by the scale of industry.However,the main problems are industrial technology structure and industrial organization performance.Specifically,the degree of advanced elements is not high,R&D investment is insufficient,profit is insufficient,and added value is low.Secondly,using the three-stage DEA model,this paper measures and calculates the comprehensive efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of 12 three-digital-code high-tech industries from 2000 to 2016.The results show that the improvement of comprehensive efficiency comes from pure technical efficiency in both research and development stages and transformation stages,but the pure technical efficiency of many industries is affected by environment.,however scale efficiency has gained good luck.In conclusion,adjusting the current environment for the development of high-tech industries is the key to the formation of innovation-driven development mechanism.Thirdly,from the perspective of direct funding and quantification of science and technology policy,which is a typical and direct policy mode in science and technology policy,this paper evaluates the direct funding as science and technology policy.The research on the current situation of government R&D funding shows that the growth trend of government R&D funding is stable,but there are differences among the sub-sectors;the level of government funding for the sub-sectors does not play a decisive role in technological efficiency;the level of government funding at the transformation stage has a certain impact on technological efficiency;and the impact of government R&D funding on technological efficiency of high-tech industries is not linear.The evaluation of science and technology policy is based on 726 policy texts.It refines science and technology policy from three dimensions: policy effectiveness,policy objectives and policy tools.Then,based on the impact on technological innovation,the evaluation is carried out from the perspective of the quantity and effectiveness of science and technology policy promulgation.The research shows that China’s science and technology policy has experienced the evolution paradigm of “science-technology-innovation”,for which,the evolution is faster than developed countries;the effectiveness of science and technology policy is generally insufficient,especially the technology policy and innovation policy;in the policy objective system,policies to encourage and improve innovation system have been highly valued,but not enough attention has been paid to some policies that are more conducive to technological innovation;policy tools lack coordination,and demand policy is far inferior in quantity and effectiveness to supply policy and environment.Then,based on the non-parametric model,this paper analyses the impact of government R&D funding on technological efficiency,and finds that the effect is obvious in both research and development stage and transformation stage,which basically verifies the relevant theory of government intervention in R&D investment.From the perspective of affection,the impact on production frontier is significant,but the impact on inefficient distribution is not ideal.Especially in recent years,there has been an extension towards inefficiency,which is the reason why the effect of government R&D subsidies has declined.At last,on this basis,the paper empirically examines the impact of the characteristics of single science and technology policy and science and technology policy combination on the technological efficiency of high-tech industry in the R&D and transformation stages.It is found that most single science and technology policy have an impact on the technical efficiency of high-tech industry,but the effects are different;the comprehensiveness and consistence effects of science and technology policy combination are good,but there are problems in equilibrium.Accordingly this,in the process of promulgation,design,implementation and adjustment of science and technology policy,we should fully consider the effects of science and technology policy,especially some existing problems,in order to improve the quality of science and technology policy. |
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