| Since the reform and opening up,China's tourism industry has made remarkable achievements after more than 40 years of development,from the initial stage of development to the maturity of tourism industry.Whether from the perspective of balanced development of market structure or from the upgrading of tourism industrial structure level,it shows the characteristics and advantages of tourism industry development under the background of socialism in China.As an important part of the development of global tourism industry,China's tourism industry is becoming more and more mature,which not only improves the international competitiveness of the tourism industry,but also contributes more and more to the world tourism economy.The tourism industry is being integrated into the world tourism economic system and the global tourism value chains.China has become a major tourist country.However,with the growth of the tourism industry,a series of problems have arisen,such as the lack of a single industrial structure,which is far from meeting the increasing demands of the people and the market and the blowout-like development trend of high capacity.The tourism market has been confused and the essence of the market has deteriorated.The development of tourism resources has faced unrestricted destruction,the ecological environment has been destroyed,ecological environment in destinations has declined and became unbalanced.Green tourism industry is the concretization and clarification of sustainable tourism development strategy.It is one of the important ways to upgrade tourism industry and promote the construction of ecological civilization in China.It is the key problem to be solved for sustainable development of tourism industry to effectively promote green tourism industry.Therefore,it is necessary to evaluate and upgrade the green tourism industry in China under the global value chain.The research of this topic has important theoretical and practical significance.Focusing on the main line of evaluating the greening of China's tourism industry underthe global value chain and promoting the industrial upgrading through greening to realize the sustainable development of China's tourism industry,this paper analyses the greening of China's tourism industry under the global value chain through literature review,systematic research methods,qualitative and quantitative research methods,comprehensive comparison and induction and demonstration methods.On the basis of the current situation and problems of the development of green tourism industry,this paper constructs an evaluation index system of green tourism industry,evaluates the level of green tourism industry in China by using DEA model and Malmquist model,and analyses the influencing factors.On this basis,it puts forward the mechanism of green tourism industry promoting industrial upgrading,and draws on the experience of green tourism industry promoting industrial upgrading in foreign countries.The paper puts forward the upgrading strategy of China's tourism industry on the basis of greening.The main contents of this paper are as follows:Firstly,this paper analyses the development process of green tourism industry in China from three dimensions of economy,ecology and society,and divides the green development of tourism industry into three stages: the growth stage of economy-oriented tourism industry(1978-2000),the expansion stage of economy-ecological-oriented tourism industry(2001-2008),and the integration of economy-ecology-society-oriented tourism industry.Development stage(from 2009 to present).From three stages,we can conclude the characteristics of the development of China's tourism industry under the global value chain:the development of tourism industry has been brought into the global value chain and the world tourism territory;the effect of promoting quality and efficiency of China's tourism industry under the driving innovation is remarkable;the green development of tourism industry has made considerable progress;and the sound development of tourism enterprises has become a strong support for the sustainable development of industry.Of course,from these typical characteristics,we can find the existing problems of China's tourism industry:unbalanced supply and demand of tourism industry,difficult greening and transformation and upgrading;lack of leading enterprises embedded in the global value chain,low competitiveness;low value-added tourism products to sustain the growth of China's tourism economy to reduce support;ecological environment constraints on China's tourism industry.Itis becoming more and more obvious.Secondly,the overall efficiency of green tourism industry in China has a downward trend from 2001 to 2015,showing a trend of "rising,falling,rising and falling".This shows that although the scale of China's tourism industry is expanding,the expansion of this scale has not led to the effective improvement of the level of greening.There are obvious differences in the greening efficiency of regional tourism industry in China.The distribution of the eastern,central and western regions is unbalanced,showing a pattern of echelon distribution of the eastern high and the western low.The overall efficiency gap of the greening of tourism industry between different regions is decreasing.China's tourism industry green technology efficiency fluctuates slightly.The fluctuation range and decline range are obviously smaller than the comprehensive efficiency of green tourism industry.Generally speaking,the eastern part is bigger than the central part,and the central part is bigger than the western part.The green scale efficiency of tourism industry in the eastern part is bigger than that in the western part,while the gap between the eastern part and the central part is very small.The green scale efficiency of China's tourism industry has declined slightly in general and significantly in 2008,which shows that the financial crisis has a serious impact on the green scale efficiency of the tourism industry,and also reflects the vulnerability of the tourism industry.The scale efficiency of green tourism industry in eastern,central and western regions is different from that of comprehensive efficiency and pure technical efficiency.The regional difference is relatively small.The scale efficiency of green tourism industry in eastern,central and western regions fluctuates slightly.The scale efficiency of green tourism industry in eastern and central regions is higher than that in Western regions,while the green regulation of tourism industry in eastern and central regions is higher than that in Western regions.The efficiency gap is very small.As for the total factor productivity of tourism industry,since 2001,the green total factor productivity of China's tourism industry has not been significantly improved,and is still at a low level.The growth rate in 15 years is only 11%.This shows that the overall green operation efficiency of China's tourism industry shows a slow upward trend,and shows fluctuations between years.This instability also shows the vulnerability and sensitivity of thetourism industry.Thirdly,this paper qualitatively analyses the influencing mechanism of each factor on the green efficiency of tourism industry from five factors: economic development level,tourism industry status,environmental governance,technological innovation and market potential.Taking the green efficiency of tourism industry as the explanatory variable,the influencing factors are selected from five aspects: economic development level,tourism industry status,environmental governance,technological innovation and market potential.Explain the variables,incorporate the green efficiency of tourism industry into the econometric analysis framework,and establish a spatial econometric regression model to empirically analyze the influencing factors of regional ecological efficiency.The results show that the level of economic development,tourism industry status and tourism market potential have a positive impact on the green efficiency of tourism industry,while technological innovation and environmental governance have a negative impact on the green efficiency of tourism industry.Fourthly,the main characteristics and experiences of green tourism industry in Spain,Japan and Singapore are as follows: attaching great importance to sustainable development;flexible government-led development strategy and tourism policy;attaching importance to tourism promotion and promotion,emphasizing overall promotion and joint marketing;and continuously developing new tourism products and high-quality tourism services.Fifthly,from the basic motive force of green tourism industry to support industrial upgrading,three subjective and objective factors,government,market and enterprise,are intertwined to form a strong driving force for the upgrading of tourism industry.Objectively,the upgrade of market demand forms the external pressure of tourism industry upgrade,which makes the function of tourism industry tend to be integrated.The green market demand of tourism industry needs to guide tourists' green consumption.Subjectively,the government's pursuit of green development of tourism industry,global tourism and high-quality tourism,as well as the introduction of green tourism products by tourism enterprises to meet the market demand,also provide a common basic driving force for the upgrading of tourism industry.The path and Countermeasures of tourism industry upgrading are mainly manifested in five aspects: guiding the direction of industry development with green concept;optimizing the tourism industry structure with tourists' needs;improving the level of factor allocation withefficiency orientation;improving the quality of tourism industry with scientific and technological innovation;and upgrading the middle link of tourism global value chain with high-quality service. |
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