| At present,the country's ?unbalanced and inadequate development? is mainly reflected in the widening of the income gap among rural residents and the slow growth of the income of low-income groups.The widening income gap among rural residents is showing a clear intergenerational transmission trend,with chronic income inequality and economic fragmentation making it difficult for children of low-income groups to have access to quality resources and good opportunities for personal development,and blocking upward mobility pathways that can easily ?replicate? the low-income situation of the parent generation.The coexistence of widening income disparity and class solidarity will further exacerbate the income disparity between the generations,leading to a vicious cycle of temporary poverty and intergenerational poverty among the rural low-income strata,trapped in a ?poverty trap?.Intergenerational income mobility reflects the extent to which the income of the parents affects the income of the children,and the goal of dynamically adjusting the pattern of income distribution can be achieved by promoting intergenerational income mobility.In fact,rural society in China is a typical ?relational? society;in rural areas where the formal system is not yet perfected,social capital,as an informal institutional arrangement,plays an obvious role in the production,income and wealth effects,and is an alternative mechanism for information sharing and resource allocation among rural residents.Based on the rural social reality in China,this paper examines the issue of intergenerational income mobility of rural residents from the perspective of social capital: what about the impact effects of social capital on intergenerational income mobility of rural residents? What are the mechanisms by which social capital affects the intergenerational income mobility of rural residents? Are there differences in the mechanisms by which social capital affects the intergenerational income mobility of different types of rural residents?This paper follows the basic paradigm of ?theoretical research-empirical research-policy research? and focuses on how social capital affects the intergenerational income mobility of rural residents to conduct an in-depth study with the aim of enhancing the intergenerational income mobility of rural residents.The theoretical research partly elucidates the intrinsic mechanisms and mechanisms by which social capital affects the intergenerational income mobility of rural residents.The empirical study uses data from the China Household Income Survey(CHIP)to examine the effect of social capital on the intergenerational income mobility of rural residents,to reveal the mechanism by which social capital affects the intergenerational income mobility of rural residents,and to compare and analyze the differences in the mechanism by which social capital affects the intergenerational income mobility of different types.Based on the policy signals emanating from theoretical analysis and empirical findings,the policy study makes policy recommendations to precisely enhance the intergenerational income mobility of rural residents.The main findings of the paper are summarized as follows.1.There are significant differences in the ownership of social capital and intergenerational income mobility among different types of rural residents.First,there is a general lack of social capital among low-income rural residents.There is a clear positive correlation between social capital and the income level of the rural population.Social capital ownership by low-income rural residents is significantly lower than that of the higher income groups.The amount of social capital owned by different types of rural inhabitants varies.?The average amount of social capital owned by ?self-employed? rural residents is higher than that of ?employed? rural residents,with an average of 2.543 for ?self-employed? rural residents and 2.122 for ?employed? rural residents.?off-farm? rural residents have more social capital than ?off-home? rural residents,with an average of 2.272 for ?off-farm? rural residents and 1.989 for ?off-home? rural residents.Second,the study measured the intergenerational income elasticity coefficient of 0.231 for rural residents in China,and the intergenerational income mobility gradually increased with the increase in subgenerational income quintiles,with the intergenerational income elasticity value of 0.2 quintile points being 3.03 times that of 0.8 quintile points,indicating that the intergenerational income mobility of the low-income class is much lower than that of the high-income class and is prone to falling into the intergenerational low-income transmission trap.The intergenerational income elasticity of 0.161 for the ?self-employed? rural population and 0.255 for the ?employed? rural population indicates that the intergenerational income mobility of the ?self-employed? rural population is significantly higher than that of the ?employed? rural population.The intergenerational income elasticity of 0.213 for ?off-farm? rural residents and 0.340 for ?off-home? rural residents means that ?off-farm? rural residents have higher intergenerational income mobility than ?off-home? rural residents.The results of this study indicate that autonomous entrepreneurship and rational and orderly labour mobility can increased intergenerational income mobility among rural residents.2.Social capital is more conducive to increasing the intergenerational income mobility of middle-and upper-middle-income rural residents.First,low-income rural residents face a ?lack of return?.Parental social capital has a positive but insignificant effect on the income of the low and lower-middle-income subsample below the 0.45 interval and a positive and significant effect on the income of the middle-and upper-middle-income subsample at the 0.45 to 0.85 interval,suggesting a lack of social capital returns for low-and lower-middle income rural residents.Second,there is a clear stratification effect of social capital on intergenerational income mobility among rural residents.Social capital contributes significantly to intergenerational income mobility in the middle and upper middle income brackets at the 0.4 to 0.85 interval.Below the 0.4 interquartile point,social capital suppresses intergenerational income mobility among rural residents,but this suppression weakens as the interquartile point increases,and above the 0.9 interquartile point,social capital shows a tendency to suppress intergenerational income mobility among rural residents.This conclusion shows that further broadening the base of the middle-income group is conducive to maintaining a high level of intergenerational income mobility among our rural inhabitants.3.Social capital affects the intergenerational income mobility of rural residents at different income levels through different indirect pathways.The findings suggest that this mediating effect of information interaction is not significant in the full sample.Occupational choice,the mediating variable of social capital affecting the intergenerational income mobility of rural residents in the low-income group,shows a masking effect of 73 per cent,suggesting that increased ability to choose a job contributes to upward mobility of low-income rural residents.Access to education is the mediating variable for social capital's impact on intergenerational income mobility among rural residents in the low and middle-income groups,with an intermediary effect of 56 per cent.The results of this study,in which access to education is part of the mediating variable of social capital affecting the intergenerational income mobility of rural residents in the middle-income group,with an intermediary effect of 20.1 per cent,imply that nurturing rural human capital is an effective way to increase the capacity for sustained income growth.The policy implication of financial participation as an intermediary variable of social capital in influencing the intergenerational income mobility of rural residents in the low-and middle-income groups shows a masking effect of 15.6 per cent,which is that improving the productive capacity and repayment capacity of rural residents in the low and middle-income groups is a strong guarantee for improving intergenerational income mobility.4.The mechanisms by which social capital affects the intergenerational income mobility of rural residents in heterogeneous non-farm employment differ considerably.First,the social capital of ?self-employed? rural residents contributes significantly to intergenerational income mobility,while the social capital of ?employed? rural residents does not contribute significantly to intergenerational income mobility.Social capital contributes to job-seeking and educational access for the offspring of the two groups of rural residents,with no significant intermediation effects tested.Secondly,social capital has a weaker positive impact on the intergenerational income mobility of ?off-farm? rural dwellers,which facilitates job-seeking,educational access and financial participation of children.This conclusion suggests that by enhancing the competitiveness of local industries and enhancing the ability of rural residents with non-farm employment to choose their own jobs,the intergenerational income mobility of rural residents can be significantly promoted.Social capital has an inhibiting effect on the intergenerational income mobility of the ?off-home? rural population,but facilitates their children's access to employment and education.Access to education is expressed as a masking effect of social capital on intergenerational income mobility of the ?off-home? rural population,with a 14.6 per cent share of the masking effect,suggesting that providing good education for the children of the ?off-home? rural population will increasing intergenerational income mobility.Compared to existing research,the potential innovations of this paper are mainly in the following three areas.1.Enriched the study of intergenerational income mobility of the rural population.Existing research is limited to examining whether social capital can affect the intergenerational income mobility of rural dwellers and lacks in-depth analysis of specific impact mechanisms.In this paper,we focus on the social causal factors for the formation of intergenerational income mobility of rural residents,and we focus on the study of the impact of social capital on intergenerational income mobility of rural residents and its mechanism of action,which theoretically reveals the intrinsic mechanism of social capital's impact on intergenerational income mobility of rural residents,and constructs a pathway framework for social capital's impact on intergenerational income mobility of rural residents.This paper theoretically enriches the study of intergenerational income mobility of rural residents and makes up for the ?socialization gap? in the study of intergenerational income mobility.2.The mechanism by which social capital affects the intergenerational income mobility of the rural population is validated.This paper uses the latest data from the China Household Income Survey(CHIP)to examine the effect of social capital on the intergenerational income mobility of rural residents.Based on theoretical analysis combined with empirical tests,it adopts the intermediary effect to analyze the mechanism of social capital's influence on the intergenerational income mobility of rural residents,and conducts a comparative study on the indirect path of social capital's influence on the intergenerational income mobility of different types of rural residents.3.A comparative study of the differences in the mechanisms by which social capital affects the intergenerational income mobility of different types of rural inhabitants,in the context of the trend towards employment differentiation among the rural population.This paper takes full account of the structural adjustment of the job market,and addresses the trend of the fragmentation of non-farm employment among rural residents,dividing them into ?off-farm? and ?off-home? rural residents according to the geographical characteristics of their non-farm employment.According to the occupational characteristics of non-farm employment of the rural population,the rural population is divided into ?employed? and ?self-employed?.The study of differences in the intergenerational income mobility of different types of rural residents and the paths through which social capital plays an influential role have enriched and expanded the body of the study,releasing more effective policy signals for the targeted dynamic adjustment of the income distribution pattern of rural residents. |
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