Research On Decision-making And Optimization Mechanism Of Dual Sourcing In Supply Chain

With the continuous deepening of social fine division of labor and the development of Internet technology,supply globalization has become an irresistible trend.Compared with traditional supply chains,the rise of supply chains globalization provides companies with cheap labor,raw materials and more sufficient and stable production capacity.However,the increasing of supply chain member and the extension of the supply chain make the supply chain network more vulnerable.At the same time,economic and trade globalization also makes enterprises face a more intense and complex market competition environment.The competition among within enterprises no longer only focuses on cost advantage,but also on product quality and service quality.In this context,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to help the enterprises reduce and mitigate possible supply risks through effective risk management strategies,while taking into account the production costs of the enterprise and the level of service quality.Facing the complex market environment and new procurement requirements,dual sourcing has been widely adopted in production with the advantages in mitigating supply risks and reducing procurement costs.Based on this,considering the dual sourcing demand of manufacturing companies,this paper will first analyze the supply environment and demand environment of manufacturer.Then,according to the possible competition and cooperation relationship between supply chain enterprises and the differences of manufacturers' procurement decision objectives in different environments,we will construct the corresponding procurement decision-making model,and discuss the relevant decisions and optimization for the supply chain member enterprises under supply risk.Specifically,this paper mainly involves the following aspects.Considering the stochastic supply risk and stochastic market demand that the manufacturer may face,we study the relevant procurement decision problems when the manufacturer adopts a backup supplier to guarantee the stability of material supply.The manufacturer's optimal reservation and emergency order decision and the supplier's reservation pricing decision are investigated theoretically,and the impacts of the key parameters are assessed numerically under different delivery information sharing situations.The results illustrate that the reservation price provided by the backup supplier varies greatly under different information-sharing conditions.Reservation quantity is negatively correlated with the reservation price,which is affected by the risk probability,wholesale prices,and marginal cost of the backup supplier.We also show that given the same wholesale prices,the performance of the manufacturer under asymmetrical supply information is not always better than that under symmetrical information,but the symmetrical supply information is always more beneficial to the backup supplier.Then,we discuss the optimal order allocation decision of the manufacturer who will procurement from two suppliers with different reliability and production capacity.We study the decision differences caused by structural changes in the lead time with the assumption that unreliable supplier has the supply interruption risk,and analyze the influence of the supplier's capacity constraint and the probability of supply risk on the manufacturer's decision and risk tolerance.The results show that if reliable supplier has sufficient production capacity and a fixed lead time,manufacturer prefers to use only reliable supplier;if the production capacity of unreliable supplier is much greater than that of reliable supplier and the risk probability is smaller,the manufacturer may only adopt unreliable supplier.In addition,this paper also shows that if the manufacturer adopts dual sourcing strategy,the manufacturer has higher risk tolerance for unreliable supplier and more products will be ordered from unreliable supplier when the reliable supplier has random lead time.Furthermore,we study the optimization decision when there are various competition relationships among the supply chain enterprises under the supply risk.We assume that both manufacturers and suppliers face the horizontal competition of homogeneous products and vertical competition between upstream and downstream.In this context,we discuss the equilibrium solution of the optimal ordering quantity of competitive manufacturers with different procurement strategies and the optimal wholesale price of competitive suppliers,and compare the optimal decision differences of each member enterprise in the supply chain under different supplier game structures.The results show that the emergence of competitive supplier can significantly improve the profits of downstream manufacturers,and the adoption of follow-up pricing strategy by unreliable suppliers is more beneficial to the supplier group.In addition,the manufacturer who adopt the dual sourcing strategy has greater opportunities to obtain higher market share and profit.At the same time,it also can achieve a win-win situation when cooperating with unreliable suppliers through revenue sharing contract.Finally,we study the optimal decision and optimization problems of each member enterprise of the supply chain based on the CVa R criterion under the supply interruption risk and random demand.At the same time,we also conducted research on the optimal repurchase price decision when different suppliers are the main repurchase agents,and analyze the influence of the repurchase price on manufacturer's procurement decisions and profit.The results show that if the reliable supplier is responsible for repurchasing,the manufacturer will purchase more products from them;if the unreliable supplier is responsible for repurchasing,the incentive effect of the buyback contract is not significant.But when the unreliable supplier has a lower probability of interruption,it can also enable the manufacturer to obtain higher profits.