A Study On The Impact Of People’s Livelihood Fiscal Expenditure On Happiness In China

Different from the past academic criticism and denial of utilitarian happiness maximization,more and more scholars began to accept happiness since the 1990 s,and tried to build various happiness indicators to quantify happiness.Nowadays,happiness is not only a research hotspot of social science,but also a new method to evaluate the effect of policy.Many scholars have empirically studied the impact of public expenditure on residents’ well-being,and found that the larger the scale of public expenditure,the higher the residents’ reported well-being.However,some scholars pointed out that the positive relationship between public expenditure and well-being depends on the structure and scale of public expenditure.Other scholars believed that when examining the relationship between public expenditure and well-being,individual differences in income,education,gender and education level,as well as economic and social differences between regions and urban and rural areas should not be ignored.These results show that public expenditure will have an important impact on residents’ well-being,but the results are affected by the structure and scale of public expenditure,the individual characteristics of residents and other socio-economic factors.With the economic growth and the improvement of income level,people’s yearning for happiness is more and more intense.Adhering to the people-oriented development concept,the Chinese government and scholars have developed the relevant theoretical and practical research on people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure.Since the 2007 government work report of the State Council pointed out that people’s livelihood should be emphasized,the inclination of Chinese government’s public expenditure to the field of people’s livelihood is obvious to all.But it is undeniable that China still has a lot of debts in the field of people’s livelihood.Faced with such livelihood problems as housing,medical care,school and employment,people urgently hope that the government can change this livelihood dilemma and achieve balanced development of economic growth and people’s well-being.How to make people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure serve people better and more efficiently,and how to make people get happiness and security to a greater extent become the most needed goal for people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure.The research ideas of this paper are as follows: Firstly,the theoretical basis and related research basis of domestic and foreign people’s public expenditure and well-being are reviewed,and the concept and expenditure scope of people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure are clarified.Secondly,it examines the relationship between the scale and structure of people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure and well-being.Thirdly,it examines the distribution of the impact of people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure on happiness.Fourthly,we examine the mechanism of livelihood fiscal expenditure on well-being.Specifically,we examine the mediating effects of income inequality,economic growth and residents’ consumption level.The specific arrangement of this paper is as follows:Chapter 1,introduction.This paper introduces the research background from the development of happiness economics,the relationship between public expenditure and well-being,and the social background of expanding the people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure in China.On the basis of explaining the research significance,it puts forward the research ideas of this paper.Chapter 2,the theoretical basis and literature review.Firstly,it defines the concept of people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure and national well-being.Secondly,it introduces the theoretical basis of the impact of livelihood fiscal expenditure on national well-being.Thirdly,this paper combs the three mechanisms that may affect people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure and well-being.Chapter 3,the current situation of the relationship between the people’s livelihood financial expenditure and national well-being in China.Firstly,it summarizes the evolution of fiscal policy and people’s livelihood fiscal policy since the founding of New China,and summarizes the development trend of people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure and its various items since 2000.Secondly,it reviews the changes of national well-being in China since 2003 and the research trends of domestic well-being.Thirdly,it summarizes the status and application of well-being in fiscal policy evaluation,and introduces the relationship between people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure and the three mechanisms as well as the status quo of national well-being.Chapter 4,the direct impact of China’s people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure on national well-being.In order to test the direct impact of people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure on national well-being,the fourth chapter uses CFPS panel data from 2010 to 2016 to explore the characteristics and distribution of the impact of people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure on national well-being,and examines the heterogeneity among different groups according to regions,urban and rural areas and gender groups.In the measurement method,we choose to use mixed OLS,panel ordered probit,random effect,fixed effect and panel quantile and other methods for comparative analysis.Chapter 5 to Chapter 7 examines the mechanism of livelihood financial expenditure on happiness.Specifically,it examines the indirect transmission of income inequality,economic growth and household consumption on livelihood fiscal expenditure and happiness.This part mainly uses mathematical methods such as stepwise regression and panel simultaneous equation to explain and empirically analyze the effect of livelihood financial expenditure on residents’ well-being.Chapter 8 summarizes the full text,and points out the shortcomings of the article and future research directions.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)People’s livelihood fiscal expenditure will significantly improve the national well-being,and the impact on the eastern region and urban residents is significantly higher than the central and western regions and rural areas.(2)People’s livelihood fiscal expenditure has greater impact on people with higher happiness.Moreover,the impact of people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure on middle-income groups is significantly higher than that of low-income and high-income groups.(3)There are differences in the impact of different subsections of people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure on national well-being.Comparatively speaking,education expenditure has the greatest positive impact on national well-being.The positive effects of social security and employment expenditure on national well-being are also obvious.In addition,the impact of medical and health expenditure and housing security expenditure on national well-being is inconsistent with the current and lagging period.(4)The influence of income distribution on people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure and well-being has played a masking role.Economic growth and consumption have played a mediating role in the impact of people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure and well-being,but the masking or mediating role also has regional and urban-rural differences.Among them,the effect of income inequality on the eastern and rural residents is greater.The intermediary effect of economic growth has greater impact on the eastern and urban residents.The intermediary effect of residents consumption has a greater impact on the eastern region,but the difference between urban and rural areas is not obvious.Finally,on the basis of empirical analysis,combined with the social reality of the people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure in China,this paper puts forward policy recommendations to promote people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure and enhance residents’ well-being:(1)Adhere to the people’s preferences and needs of people’s livelihood fiscal expenditure,and establish a sound expert demonstration system and expression mechanism.(2)Increase the investment in the field of people’s livelihood,specifically: give priority to the development of education and increase education expenditure;improve the social security and employment service system,and implement active social security and employment policies;concern the needs of low-income people for medical and health services,and expand the coverage of basic medical insurance;stabilize the real estate industry sector,and build the long-term mechanism of housing security.(3)Take into account the different needs of people with different well-being,so as to avoid excessive and ineffective fiscal expenditure on people’s livelihood,so that it can truly benefit all the people.