| Accelerating advancement of social construction focused on improving people's livelihood is an important task for the central and local governments at all levels in our country.Since 2007,Anhui Province took the lead in carrying out people's livelihood work in the whole country,its spending on people's livelihood has been growing rapidly.By2017,the expenditure scale of people's livelihood in Anhui Province has reached 528 billion yuan,it is an increase of 564% compared with 79.5 billion yuan in 2007.The average annual growth rate in 10 years was 20.84%,higher than the growth rate of financial expenditure in the same period.Although the rising scale of people's livelihood expenditure can bring about an improvement in people's livelihood,the fiscal expenditure on people's livelihood does not grow indefinitely,and it is vulnerable to the government's own financial constraints.In 2017,Anhui's public welfare spending has accounted for85.1% of total government expenditure.Affected by the downward pressure on China's current economic growth,the rapid growth of government revenue in the past has been hard to sustain.The growth of people's livelihood expenditure in Anhui Province has become very limited.In order to solve the contradiction between the people's growing livelihood needs and the relative lack of financial resources,it is particularly important to pay attention to the efficiency of using the people's livelihood funds.And Bardhan who is the professor of Berkeley university in California said that the government's people's livelihood expenditures is only a financial investment in the supply of public goods,but the specific output is not entirely determined by the amount of input but also by many other factors.The more input does not mean that the output will be greater,and the solution to the people's livelihood problem actually depends on the improvement of people's expenditure efficiency.In this respect,it is more practical to study the efficiency of people's livelihood expenditure.In the second chapter,the article first defines the related concepts of the range of people's livelihood expenditure and people's livelihood expenditure efficiency involved in the study,then elaborates public goods theory,fiscal expenditure efficiency theory,new public management theory and DEA efficiency evaluation theory to lay the theoretical foundation for the later research at the article.The third chapter analyzes the status quo of Anhui's people's livelihood expenditure from three aspects: scale,structure,and the burdenof governments at all levels,and comes to the following conclusions:(1)In terms of expenditure scale,the expenditure of people's livelihood in Anhui Province,both in absolute terms and in relative terms,has risen at a relatively high rate,and people's livelihood expenditures have exceeded 80% of the fiscal expenditure,which is close to20% of GDP.(2)In terms of internal structure,the proportion of education,social security,urban and rural community affairs and medical and health expenditures is relatively large,of which education expenditure accounts for the largest proportion,but shows a declining trend year by year.The proportion of economic expenditures in urban and rural community affairs,agriculture and transportation increased year by year.(3)As far as the burden of people's livelihood at all levels of government in Anhui Province is concerned,the burden ratio of people's livelihood spending below the provincial government has reached 90%,of which the county-level governments have assumed the major responsibility for livelihood expenditures,with a burden ratio of over 60%.The fourth chapter and the fifth chapter are the key chapters of this article.The main content of this article is to evaluate and analyze the expenditure efficiency and its influencing factors of each region in Anhui Province.In the fourth chapter,the article first constructs an input-output index system for the efficiency of people's livelihood,and use the time-serial generalization principal component analysis to reduce dimension for the output indexes,extract a few common factors as the comprehensive output indexes of DEA efficiency measurement.Then the article analyzes the efficiency of people's livelihood expenditure of Anhui Province in 2007-2016 years from two dimensions of time and space based on the traditional DEA model,and calculate the dynamic efficiency of cities in Anhui Province in the periods of 2007-2010,2010-2013 and 2013-2016 with Malmquist index.Finally came to the following conclusions:(1)The overall efficiency of people's livelihood expenditure in Anhui is relatively low,most of them are in the state of DEA inefficiency,and this inefficiency is mainly caused by scale failure rate.(2)The regional differences of the efficiency of people's livelihood in different cities of Anhui are obvious.The score of efficiency decreases from north to south,and the overall presentation is the upside down phenomenon of the scale and efficiency,just like high input-low efficiency and low investment-high efficiency.(3)According to the Malmquist index,the total factor productivity of people's livelihood in Anhui is decreasing,the main reason for the decline is the decline of technology.However,this downward trend has gradually slowed down in10 years.The main reason is that the technological progress index has been improved and the technical recession has been effectively controlled.In the following fifth chapter,thearticle uses the Tobit model to study the external factors affecting the expenditure efficiency of each citizen based on the efficiency values of each city.The results show that the effect of government size on the efficiency of people's livelihood expenditure in Anhui Province is not significant,government scale,government competition,per capita GDP,education level and location characteristics of Southern Anhui have a significant inhibitory effect on the efficiency of people's livelihood expenditure,but the level of urbanization and the regional characteristics of the northern part of Anhui Province will significantly promote the efficiency of people's livelihood expenditure.Finally,in the sixth chapter,based on the research results from the empirical analysis of the first two chapters,this paper proposes the following points on the policy suggestions for improving the expenditure efficiency of the people's livelihood in Anhui Province:(1)Making clear the key investment areas of the people's livelihood funds and adjusting the direction of expenditure for people's livelihood.(2)Establishing a scientific and democratic public decision-making mechanism and improving the evaluation system of the people's livelihood expenditure efficiency.(3)Streamlining government agencies and improving the incentive mechanism for officials.(4)Dividing rationally the power of the people's livelihood between governments at all levels and building a matching system of financial power and responsibility.(5)Accelerating the pace of development of new urbanization and improving the radiation level of people's livelihood products. |
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