Research On The Effects Of International Intellectual Property Trade

The determinateness and influence of international intellectual property on international trade is increasing apparent.With the continuous development of science and technology,the scope of intellectual property is expanding,the relationship with international trade is more and more closely.No matter visible trade that includes intellectual property or invisible trade that takes intellectual property as the subject,the proportion of intellectual property in international trade is getting bigger and bigger.Intellectual property has great significance in protecting human intelligence achievements,encouraging people to engage in enthusiasm and creativity in scientific and technological research and artistic creation.It is also an important support to build an innovative country.Intellectual property is a property right,the country of the intellectual property ownership determines the distribution relationship of international interests.International intellectual property are clearly protected.Free trade in the international market can make resource allocation to reach Pareto optimal.International intellectual property also determines the direction and pattern of international trade.Most of the existing literature studies intellectual property and international trade relations from the perspective of intellectual property legal protection.Few documents explore the relationship between intellectual property and international trade from the perspective of intellectual property rights as property rights.The thesis sorts out and reviews relevant research literature from the following seven aspects to clarifies the research characteristics of the existing literature and the core idea of this article: the overall impact of intellectual property protection on trade,the impact of intellectual property protection on trade methods,the impact of intellectual property protection on traded products,the marginal impact of intellectual property protection on trade,the trade barrier effect of intellectual property protection,the trade effect of rights and other types of intellectual property rights and trade relations.China is already a big country in international patent applications,but there is still a big gap to become an innovation power.From 1995 to 2019,the annual growth rate of china international patent applications is a leading competitor on the world stage.In 2019,the number of international patent applications surpassed USA and ranked first in the world.The leading position of the patents has already contributed to the growth and structural changes of Chinese import and export trade of goods.However,there are some problems in China’s international patents,such as unbalanced technology distribution,over concentration in digital communication and computer fields,neglect other technology fields,have large technological structure gap compared with innovative countries,international patent technology monopoly trade is weak,the cost of importing foreign patents from China has become a cost burden to curb exports.These deficiencies make thetrade effect of China’s international intellectual property not obvious.The size and coverage of intellectual property have become an important factor in determining the flow of international trade.It constitutes a new factor and a new explanation for promoting the development of international trade.This shows that the new international trade theory based on intellectual property has subverted the factors based on factor endowment and cost.Traditional international trade theory that produces efficiency and advantages.The thesis studies the impact on trade from the perspective of intellectual property,and uses mathematical models and empirical tests to verify the five trade effects in order to enrich international trade theory and empirical research.The first is the trade monopoly effect of intellectual property.From a micro perspective,the paper analyzes the results of the importing country’s enterprises and the importing country’s government,the importing country’s enterprises,and the exporting country’s enterprises using game theory methods.It can be found that in the importing country,the enterprise infringes on the temptation of interest,and the government investigates and punishes the infringement;on the premise that the exporting country is informed the importing enterprise will infringe,the export volume will increase first and then decrease.The thesis uses empirical methods to test the effect of intellectual property monopoly.Firstly it verifies the technology monopoly effect of Chinese intellectual property.The paper uses the relative number of patents in the importing country as a proxy variable to measure the degree of technological monopoly.Through the intermediary utility model,it is found that the greater the number of patents applied by China in the importing country,the greater the advantage of technology monopoly in the country,but the effect of patent rights on the improvement of technology monopoly is very small.Secondly,it verifies the technology monopoly effect of intellectual property rights in other countries.Since most of the countries applying for patents in China are developed countries with strong innovation capabilities,the results show that the patent rights of other countries will significantly increase the technological monopoly advantages of these countries in Chinese trade,and have a great effect on the improvement of technological monopoly.The second is the trade exclusive effect of intellectual property.This article refers to the multiplier effect model to construct the intellectual property multiplier model.If there are two identical companies except for intellectual property,it is assumed that one with more intellectual property has a high level of technology,and then the total export volume is also high.Each company draws a fixed percentage of profits as the next phase of R & D investment.In this way,after multiple phases of iteration,initially the enterprises with more intellectual property will have more and more total exports and a larger market share.Eventually,competitors are squeezed outof the market,and potential competitors cannot enter the market under the protection of intellectual property.The companies with the largest number of intellectual property occupy the market.Because it is difficult to find two or more companies with the same conditions except for the number of intellectual property,the effect of trade exclusivity only stays at the level of theoretical analysis.The third is the market control effect of intellectual property.The intangibility of intellectual property and the diversity of carriers will allow its owners to quickly gain market dominance.If the owner of the intellectual property obtains the property rights in another country,the exporting enterprise uses the right of intellectual property rights to quickly control the market of the importing country.Regardless of the means used by property owners to prevent potential competitors from entering the market,they have a controlling effect on importing countries.In addition,the market size is not a good indicator to Judge market control.If the operator with the largest market size has not obtained the intellectual property authorization,it will be illegal no matter how large the market is.The existing market control power will be lost at any time due to infringement prosecution.Even the market share of the intellectual property owner is small,the powerful power can allow the intellectual property owner to control the price,quantity and trading behavior of the products in circulation on the market.This control effect theory also only stays in the theoretical analysis because there is no good index to measure the property owner’s control power.The fourth is the technical standard effect of intellectual property.The thesis uses geometric analysis to visually show how technical standards can reduce the types of exports,suppress the quantity of exports,and increase export prices.In the empirical analysis part,the impact of the introduction of technical standards at different production stages on exports was examined.It is found that the adoption or acquisition of technical standards in the developing stage,manufacturing stage,and sales stage of the exporting country will significantly promote exports,and the impact of the importing country ’ s adoption of technical standards on the exporting country ’s export behavior is affected by the importing country ’s innovation capabilities.There are few local enterprises which adopt technical standards and their technical standards are lower,which has no impact on the export behavior of exporting countries after China adopts the technical standards.If the importing country is a developed country,the adoption of technical standards will inhibit Chinese exports in a certain extent.The fifth is the export substitution effect of intellectual property.The thesis assumes that the purchaser must pay a certain fee for intellectual property licensing or transfer.Then use mathematical deduction to know that the intellectual property cost will cause the purchaser’sexport price to increase,the export quantity will decrease.In the empirical analysis part,the export quantity is decomposed into the expansion margin,the quantity margin and the intensive margin by using a three-component decomposition model,and study how intellectual property licensing or transfer affects the trade between China and America.The results of the study found that the transfer of intellectual property rights from America to China would increase Chinese export prices and reduce the number of imports from China,however,the transfer of intellectual property rights from China to America would have no effect on the price and quantity of American exports to China.This shows that the export substitution effect of intellectual property is affected by the ratio of intellectual property costs.According to the theoretical and empirical research conclusions of the trade effect of intellectual property rights,combined with China’s standardization development,this thesis think China should optimize the intellectual property structure and improve its trade advantages from the following four aspects: the first,optimize the patent technology structure and improve the quality of international patents;the second,promote the patent layout of developing countries and differentiate overseas patent strategies;the third,strengthen independent innovation and enhance the overseas merger and acquisition capabilities of enterprises;the fourth,reserve professional talents and build a talent training mechanism with the four technologies of "technology,market,law and management".