Research On The Mechanism Of Locking Effect And Unlocking Path Of The Locking Breakthrough Of Coal-based Cities

Since the 1950 s,due to the large-scale industrialization and rapid economic development,the development of resources has been intensified,and a large number of resource-based cities relying on resource endowments have emerged.The formation and development of resource-based cities has become a distinctive feature of China's urbanization process.These cities have made significant contributions to China's economic development,especially the development of heavy industry and national strategic security.However,after decades or even hundred years of high-intensity resources development,due to the extensive growth model,the development of the concept lags behind,the market mechanism is not perfect and resources-related tax system construction is insufficient,and so on,since the mid 1980 s,the resource extraction industry in a large number of resource-based cities in China has entered a mature period and a recession.The resources that can be mined are depleted,the cost of mining is rising,and the pillar industry is gradually declining.Coupled with the changes in the supply and demand relationship of the resource-based products market and the deterioration of the competitive environment,the production of resource-based cities is difficult to continue,the burden is increasing,and the finances are increasingly in trouble.These cities have experienced a series of regional and structural economic and social problems such as slow economic growth,increased number of laid-off workers,deteriorating ecological environment,backward infrastructure construction,and prominent social conflicts.The locking effect has seriously affected the sustainable development of resource-based cities,which in turn has affected the development of regional economies and national economies.This paper takes coal-based cities as the research objects,explores the mechanism of the locking effect,the influencing factors of locking breakthrough and the unlocking path of resource-based cities.Based on the definition of resource-based city concept,measurement scale and classification,the article mainly analyzes the locking effect of coal-based cities.Firstly,the article analyzes the development status and locking characteristics of coal-based cities.On this basis,this paper explores the mechanism of the locking effect,summarizes the key factors influencing the locking breakthrough,and makes a theoretical analysis on the breakthrough path of locking effect.Secondly,based on the theoretical analysis,this paper empirically analyzes the unlocking capacity of the coal-based cities,including the comprehensive evaluation of unlocking capacity and the analysis of the influencing factors of unlocking capacity,and carries out statistical tests on the empirical results.Then,according to the locking characteristics,generation mechanism and influencing factors of coal-based cities,the paper designs the unlocking path,including function locking,technology locking,industry locking and institutional locking.Finally,the paper takes Shanxi province as an example to analyze the locking breakthrough of coal-based cities.This paper constructs the generation mechanism of the locking effect of coal-based cities,systematically proposes the path design of the locking breakthrough.It reveals the three major mechanisms of the formation,avoidance and unlocking of the locking effect of coalbased cities,and makes a theoretical explanation for the important issues of locking breakthrough of coal-based cities.The main research contents and innovative work of this paper are summarized as follows:(1)Study on the locking characteristics of coal-based cities.According to the current situation of coal-based cities and the problems they face,the paper refines the locking features of coal-based cities,including function locking,technology locking,industry locking and institutional locking.The study found that the development model of coal-based cities with coal resources mining and processing as the leading industry makes the urban function gradually tend to “serve” the coal industry,forming a single and unsound urban function status.The research funding for coal-based cities is significantly lower than the national average,in addition,once traditional technologies are put into use,they would gradually occupy the market and occupy a dominant position by continuously obtaining benefits,restricting the implementation and promotion of new technologies,and the city would be locked into technology locking.In the coal-based cites industrial structure,the secondary industry occupies a large proportion,and the development of the primary and tertiary industries is seriously lagging behind.In the industrial structure of coal-based cities,secondary industry occupies a large proportion,the primary and tertiary industrial development is seriously lagging behind,this industrial structure is restricted by various conditions,the continuation of industrial development is slow,resulting in insufficient economic and social sustainable development.In addition,due to the impact of the planned economic system,problems such as price imbalances have made coal-based cities in a disadvantageous position and have fallen into the orbit of abnormal development.(2)Mechanism analysis of the locking effect of coal-based cities.Mainly from the five aspects of resources,technology,industry,human resource and institution.The study found that path dependence is the root cause of the lock-in effect of coal-based cities.Resource-based cities,which are driven by natural resource endowments and traditional enterprises,usually have path-dependent characteristics.Coal-based cities eventually fall into the path of locking effects due to their path dependence,and eventually coal-based cities fall into a vicious circle: path dependence — seeking convention — inertia — intensifies lock-in.(3)Analysis of the factors influencing the locking breakthrough of coal-based cities.Through the analysis of the factors that affect the locking breakthrough,the main factors are as follows: resource factor,government factor,human capital factor,technical factor and economic extroversion.Based on the data Envelopment analysis method,the comprehensive unlocking capacity of 25 coal cities in 2010-2014 was measured,and most of the cities were found to have a low ability to unlock,and a large difference in capacity ability between cities.In addition,through the fixed effect model to analyze the specific effects of the influencing factors on the unlocking capacity,it is found that the technical input,government factors and human capital have the most significant impact on the city unlocking capacity,and the impact of economic extroversion is relatively small.(4)Design of the unlocking path of coal-based cities.Coal-based cities can be unlocked in terms of function,technology,industry and institutional.Among them,the city function unlocking is the direction and the motive,the technology unlocking is the support and the means,the industry unlocking is the drive and the goal,the institutional unlocking is the intervention and the safeguard.Through the path selection to promote the process of city transformation,coal-based cities to achieve economic,social,energy and environmental systems coordinated development.(5)Case study on the locking breakthrough of coal-based cities.By using principal component analysis method,the unlocking capability of 10 coal cities in Shanxi province was evaluated comprehensively,and the specific unlocking path was proposed.There are 21 figures,17 tables and 157 references in the paper.