| Like work commutes, school commutes are fixed in time and space, but they have generated far less research. Travel behavior surrounding chauffeuring children to school is studied in view of gender comparisons and household interactions on the frameworks of time and gender geography. The majority of chauffeuring arrangements are, respectively: (1) men work while women who do not have work trips are mainly responsible for passenger-serving trips to school, 29%; (2) men and women both work and share chauffeuring, 26%; (3) men work while women do not have work trips, but they share chauffeuring, 10%; and (4) both men and women work, but women chauffeur alone, 9%. The study looks at occupations, employment status, industry types, children's ages, household structure and types of households by number of earners. Findings include that chauffeurs link passenger-serving with work trips and that morning and afternoon arrangements differ. The effect of shift work and work from home on child chauffeuring duties is also investigated. There is significant relationship between school chauffeuring and work travel time that explains household interactions over child chauffeuring duty.;Keywords: chauffeuring children, children chauffeuring, school commute, passenger-serving trip, serve passenger, household interaction, intra-household interaction, gender role... |
