| This dissertation describes two studies based on data collected during an 8-month, season-long mental toughness (MT) intervention with a team of Division I hockey players. Study 1 evaluates the effectiveness of the season-long intervention, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data. Study 2 describes and examines support for a new Working Model of Mental Toughness Development (WMMTD) that was used to guide the season-long MT intervention.;The results from Study 1 which are based on motivational style cluster analysis suggest that positively-motivated players experience the greatest benefit as a result of the MT intervention, whereas high-doubt performers experienced the least success. Additionally, two distinct case studies are presented that lend support to the overall effectiveness of the intervention.;Results from Study 2 provide support for the WMMTD. Canonical correlation results demonstrated consistent support for model components, particularly sport mindset and mental toughness, and their relationship with performance. Consistent with hypotheses, increases in mental toughness and sport performance were shown throughout the season, and positive relationships were found between MT and mental skills training (MST) tools (i.e., goal-setting, self-talk, relaxation, and imagery), MST skills (i.e., self-confidence, optimism), and development-focused motivational style (MS). As hypothesized, negative relationships were found between MT and trait anxiety (i.e., MST skill) and doubt-oriented and failure-evader MSs. Motivational style and optimism appear to be key mediating variables in the development of MT and have a central role within the WMMTD. No significant relationships were found for the third component of the model well-being, even though it was not a central focus of the MT intervention. Overall, preliminary support for the WMMTD was provided. Implications and future directions were also discussed. |
