| This dissertation explores border relationships, conflicts and cooperation between Thailand and its four contiguous neighbors (Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia and Myanmar) from 1973 to 2011. The dissertation probes the following questions: What causes border conflict? Why do some of these conflicts escalate to high levels of violence (e.g. demonstrations of or the use of force) but not others? More generally, why has the use of force on Thai borders with Myanmar and Cambodia persisted in the last fifteen years while the use of force with Laos and Malaysia has been absent.;This research finds that border conflict and confrontation between Thailand and its four contiguous neighbors are determined by antagonistic signals and actions (in either foreign policies or domestic politics). Such signals and actions are made by "challenger" states and aim at changes in the status quo. These challenges tend to instigate perception of border security threat. The definition of national security of every state may vary, but when it comes to those of the developing countries such as Thailand and its neighbors, which similarly confront internal and border vulnerabilities, the principles of sovereignty and non-intervention are pivotal bases for their threat justification. Perceived violations of these norms contribute to apprehensiveness of threat that, in turn, accounts for variations in levels of conflict in Thailand's bilateral relations with its neighbors.;Not only macro-level international signals, such as alignment/alliance behaviors and foreign policy orientations, but micro-level signals, such as specific foreign/domestic policies, domestic politics and internal institutional arrangements also play key roles in shaping degrees of border conflict and cooperation between Thailand and its neighbors. Macro-level factors shape perceptions of threat and expectations of future actions, while micro-level influences are significant in representing the state's genuine intentions---whether or not a sending state is committed to diplomatic friendship and cordiality. This study concludes that a peaceful relationship between Thailand and Laos, on the one hand, and Malaysia, on the other, is a result of continuing commitments to norms of sovereignty and non-interference as well as success in resolving border issues and uncertainties, especially those originating from boundary disputes. |
