The merger of foreign policy with international economics: The regional intergovernmental organization and the coordinating committee's reliance upon multilateral economic sanctions

Various conditions (outlined in Chapter Seven) are involved in any multilateral economic sanctions episode. In regards to objectives (discussed in Chapter Three) they have elements of both economic and political policy. Of course, use of positive economic sanctions or negative economic sanctions depends on objectives sought.;In order to determine whether the sanctioner or the target will be successful at achieving a foreign policy objective, the Dissertation research relied upon a self-administered questionnaire as well as case studies (see Chapters Six and Seven). The self-administered questionnaire included both open and closed ended questions on multilateral economic sanctions and the coordinating committee, and was forwarded to a sample of thirty-three respondents, economic counselors from the three blocs of nations.;Generally, negative economic sanctions fail. Seldom do they inflict economic punishment on the target. In addition, non-participating third parties, even regional intergovernmental organizations member states, may provide aid to the target. Also, use of negative economic sanctions threaten international norms such as extrateritoriality and contract sanctity.;As to positive economic sanctions, they are a valuable tool for regional intergovernmental organizations to achieve foreign policy objectives. However, they function under limitations. No conflict must exist between a regional intergovernmental organizations member and a target. Imposition of positive economic sanctions requires a lengthy period of time. The target must have a need for the positive economic sanctions. Positive economic sanctions cannot be perceived by the target as a bribe.;Positive economic sanctions and negative economic sanctions (reviewed in Chapter Three) can assume a variety of forms. Similarly, countersanctions (highlighted in Chapter Three) by the target can be cloaked in a number of shapes.;Finally, Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls (CoCom) policy of negative economic sanctions in the form of export control policy has been a dismal failure. First, it created division among the allies. Sanctions costs were not evenly distributed among allies. The major foreign policy objective of stifling the Soviet Union and the Eastern Europe military and economic development failed. Member states of CoCom failing to define strategic good refused to adhere to CoCom export policy. Exemptions were routinely granted and clandestine trade occurred between CoCom and Counsel of Mutual Economic Assistance (ComeCon). Only during the period of detente when CoCom relied upon positive economic sanctions did Soviet Union and Eastern Europe policy become modified and more conciliatory. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).