| Tanzania adopted Ujamaa socialism as its official ideology in 1967. As a brand of non-Marxian socialism, Ujamaa's attitude of affiliative relations between state and religion, state-controlled education and centralized economic structure had important implications for the Tanzanian Muslim community. Ujamaa socialism demanded active support and involvement from religious groups in its program of socialist development. This dissertation studies the Muslim responses to this demand.;The dissertation begins with a historical survey of Islam on the East African coast and Tanzania in terms of its political, ethnic, sectarian, and institutionalized makeup, and prevalent intellectual trends around the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Next, it surveys the role of Muslim nationalism in the nationalist movement of Tanzania. This is followed by a discussion about the sources and impact of the ideology of Ujamaa socialism. Chapters 4 to 6 study the different Muslim responses to Ujamaa socialism in areas of religion, education and economics respectively, from 1967-1988.;The interaction between Islam and Ujamaa socialism is one between a post-colonial ideology professing native legitimacy, and a religion which played an important role in shaping the social, economic, and political attitudes of citizens. This study maintains that this interaction has been both positive and negative. Today after two decades of Ujamaa socialism, Tanzania is facing severe crisis as a result of disaffection to the ideology. One important reason for this is Ujamaa's forcing Islam, which is a din- (i.e. religion which encompasses personal piety, socio-cultural patterns and political arrangements), to align itself with the socialist policies regarding relations between state and religion, educational system, and economic attitudes and behavior. |
