Research On Nyerere And Building-nation Of Tanzania

In1964, the establishment of the United Republic of Tanzania opened up a new era in the history of modern Tanzania. The first president, Nyerere, was the exceptional leadership African leader and he was praised as a pioneer for freedom, Africa Canonization for his fairness and honesty by the international communities. The concept of nation with the core of freedom and fairness, ideologies and theories of African liberation and unity, he pursued, became the people’s precious spiritual wealth. In the process of nation-building in Tanzania, a series of measures, Nyerere took, such as Under one-party democracy, Ujamaa socialism, National aggregation, as well as Non-aligned foreign policy established Tanzania’s status and influence today in Africa and the world. This article includes the following sections.The section of introduction briefly describes the basic theory and connotation of Nation-building which brings the African perspective and Tanzania’s peculiarity on the Nation-building.The first chapter discusses the formation of the modern nation of Tanzania. Starting from the formation of Tanganyika territory, the colonial rule of Germany and British, the chapter analyzes the political condition in Tanzania region before its independence and joint, in order to demonstrate that there is a much longer history of the realization of Tanzania’s unity from the view of a broader perspective of long term, then further discusses it together with the real interests of the two sovereign states and the effect of Nyerere government policy,based on it, I sorted out the political opportunities and economic challenges during the beginning of Tanzania’s nation-building.The next chapter discusses Nyerere’s concept of national and the construction of Tanzania’s modern political system. During the process of nation-building Tanzania to be a modern nation,Nyerere’s contribution and influence is indisputably the most important,which not only for the independence and joint foundation of the nation but also for the leading of the economic development and political trajectory of this country after his ruling. This chapter comprehensively studies these aspects such as Nyerere’s early experiences, political ideology, and the concept of national development, sorts out the formation of Tanzania’s modern political system from the three aspects of the nature of political parties, the democratic practice and legalization process. The political system Nyerere constructed and his political performance won an excellent reputation for himself, attracted considerable foreign aid for the further development of Tanzania, which laid a solid foundation, and accumulated valuable experience.The third Chapter analyzes the very unique Tanzania Ujamaa Socialist Movement. Ujamaa movement was a brave and decisive political experiment, was a typical African socialism, was the needs for Tanzania to maintain political independence and economic development. This chapter discusses three aspects of Nyerere’s socialist ideology and theory, Ujamaa socialist movement practice, and its impact on nation-building, sorts of positive energy and negative consequences of Ujamaa socialism according to the historical logic of from ideology to theory, from theory to practice, from practice to influence. Political ideology played an important role in Ujamaa socialist movement, Nyerere’s ideas about agricultural mechanization and economies of scale had become an integral part of the International Development Forum. Ujamaa post-movement was mandatory, sometimes very violent. This movement was failed in economics, and also in ecology. But its political philosophy is valuable, has its rationality in the historical logic, is encouraging in the spirit, there are some certain significances and impacts from the perspective of long historical period. The4th chapter sorts out Nyerere’s initiatives of social integration. The construction of modern nation is not only the process of political independence and economic development but also is a continuous improvement process of social system and public service facilities. In this process, the President Nyerere proceeded from the social condition of Tanzania, continued to construct new service platform, improved infrastructure, enhanced national security forces, grouped the separate ethnic group, vigorously developed education, pursued the fairness and justice, improved the people’s quality, and promoted the modernization process of nation. This chapter focuses on the three aspects of the gradual improvement of public services in Tanzania, the formation of a modern nation, as well as the educational development, explores the theory of the national construction from the social development dimension.The5th Chapter studies Nyerere’s African liberation theory and non-aligned foreign policy. On the diplomacy, Nyerere ran and screamed to promote the Afican Unity, the South-South Cooperation, and the establishment of a justice and rational international economic and political order, provided generous assistance to the fight for the people’s liberation of Southern Africa, showed up in the international area with daring to speak, upholding justice’s image, and produced a certain amount of influence in Africa and around the world. Based on the African realities, Nyerere’s African liberation theory criticized the shortcomings of the old and new colonialism, advocated that African citizens can pursue their dignity, freedom and fairness on the basis of the political rights. In actual operations, strongly supported the national liberation movements in Africa and especially in southern Africa, has made his own contributions to the political cooperation and economic development in Africa. Nyerere adhered to a policy of nonalignment in the world, maintained the national independence, proposed Economic Cooperation in Developing Countries to form an independent third force among the world powers by the Non-Aligned Movement. Nyerere’s African liberation theory, thinking of unity, non-aligned policy, the measurements of constructing a new international political and economic order commonly constitute the basic contents of foreign concept. This is not only the fruits of Nyerere’s hard working, but also a kind of wisdom and programs for solving the problems in developing countries.The conclusion part of the article makes comments on Nyerere and the nation-building of Tanzania, and discusses the nation-building theory, the principles of freedom and fairness, Nyerere’s political wisdom, and the implications for developing countries. The road of Tanzania’s nation-building has its historic specialty in African, produces a certain influence on other developing countries; Nyerere’s value orientation shows a strength and philosophy, his democracy under one-party system is an innovative. The study on Nyerere and the nation-building of Tanzania can help us not only to know Tanzania, to understand Africa, but also to provide useful lessons of theory and practice for us to fulfil the dream of the revival of Chinese nation, to complete the reunification of motherland, to improve the relationships with African countries under the conditions of era of China’s reform and opening.