Ira Remsen and the scientific transformation of American graduate education

The historical period covering the transformation of American graduate education in the American university has generated several historic models. These four models explaining the rise of graduate education has centered on the nativistic factors known as the internal development model; the sociological factors known as the social science model; the transmission of culture through the liberal arts model; and, finally, the theory and history of science model. This historical study focused on the period from 1868 to 1912.;The study, moreover, investigated the aims of the new chemistry curriculum in the context of the emerging graduate school. It critically examined the developmental goals and instructional objectives of the new discipline of chemistry. It scrutinized the teaching model that Dr. Remsen used to bring the "New Education" to the American students at Johns Hopkins University. It detailed the various implementation strategies used by Dr. Remsen and investigated the uses of laboratory equipment and manuals used to institute educational changes. It analyzed the use of chemistry textbooks to implement long lasting changes in the discipline of chemistry. The study evaluated the strategic outcomes of the chemistry curriculum and long term impact of the cultural transmissions to educational practices.;Consequently, this study traced the historic developments of the German craft of chemistry into the discipline of chemistry. It correlated the new scientific changes in German universities with those of the chemistry department at Johns Hopkins University.;The American student migration to Germany from 1820 to 1920, especially after the Civil War, has led to new data on the impact of German science on the curriculum. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of Dr. Ira Remsen and the transfer of a new type of scientific curriculum. Specifically, this study examined the quintessential elements of Dr. Remsen's chemistry curriculum paradigm. It examined the scientific foundations from a historical and theoretical framework of German science within the context of the German university.