Optimization And Collaboration Of Carbon Emissions Reduction And Promotion Of Appliance Enterprises Based On Cap-and-trade Mechanism And Consumers' Low-carbon Preference

Governments,enterprises,and consumers are paying more attention to environmental protection.Several European countries have implemented market-based cap-and-trade systems to reduce carbon emissions,which means that carbon emission credits become a commodity that can be traded.In China,as a pillar industry of national economy,the home appliance industry generates a large amount of carbon dioxide during its manufacturing and usage processes.With the implementation of standards and regulations such as the “New Energy Efficiency Standards” and “Implementation Plan of Energy Efficiency Leaders”,the low-carbon operation management and lowcarbon industrial upgrading of the home appliance industry have attracted both of the industry and the academia's attention.On the other hand,consumers are paying attention to the level of energy conservation and carbon emissions reduction during manufacturing process and usage stage.Such consumers are willing to pay more for low-carbon products.By analyzing the literature review on theses problems,some obstacles that are still not being overcome are found and listed as follows: based on the cap-and-trade mechanism and consumers' environmental preferences,1)how to optimize the production strategy and carbon emissions reduction strategy of an appliance manufacturer? 2)How does the carbon trading mechanism affect the relationships between appliahce manufacturers and retaielrs? 3)What is the evolution process and stability of the manufacturers' and retailers' strategies over time?Based on the background,this dissertation studies these problems in detail:According to the development status of China's appliance industry,this research summarizes the characteristics of the operation mode between home appliance enterprises(retailer-led).Based on the influence of cap-and-trade mechanism and low-carbon preference,this study analyzes the production and emission reduction mechanism and of appliance enterprises as well as the cooperational caron reduction mechanism between enterprises.This section laid the foundation for practical and theoretical research for subsequent research.Based on the cap-and-trade mechanism,this paper studies the joint production and emission reduction problem of an appliahce manufacturer.The manufacturer faces emissions-sensitive demand impacted by consumers' environmental preferences(CEP).An extended newsvendor model is used to find the optimal production quantity and emissions reduction quantity.We explore the impacts of market price of carbon credits,emission reduction investment coefficient,and CEP on the optimal strategies.Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the theoretical results,and orthogonal experimental design technique was applied to find robust system parameters.It is concluded that among all parameters,emissions cap has the greater impact on the expected profit,which is followed by than the market price of carbon credits.This means that the government plays a major role in economic development.The total carbon emissions are mainly affected by the carbon trading price and the product's sale price,which indicates the carbon trading market and product market play a larger role in controlling environmental benefits.Considering the cap-and-trade mechanism and consumer's low-carbon preference,this paper investigate the relationships of powerful retailer who can choose whether or not to promote low-carbon products and follower manufacturer can choose whether or not to reduce carbon emissions.A Stackelberg game structure is used to identify the optimal decisions for manufacturer and retailer.Various cooperational strategies have been compared in terms of carbon emission reduction levels,profits,total carbon emissions,and social welfare.This research also considers a scenario with a model economy under the effects of a cap-and-trade mechanism,with consumers who prefer low-carbon products,and develops an evolutionary game(EG)model to examine the evolution of behaviors for powerful retailers and manufacturers and investigate the stability of the equilibrium solution.System dynamics is used to simulate and analyze dynamic and transient behaviors,and is used to simulate the evolutionary game in a Chinese appliance industry.The simulation results show that the emissions cap,the market price of carbon credits,and the consumers' preferences for low-carbon products are key factors influencing the retailers' and manufacturers' behavior.The contributions of this article are as follows:(1)The cap-and-trade mechanism is considered into the studying of appliance enterprises' operation mode.(2)An extended newsvendor model is used to find the joint production and emission reduction problem of a manufacturer who faces emissionssensitive demand impacted by consumers' low-carbon preferences and random factor.(3)Considering a retailer's make efforts to promote low-carbon products,multi emissions reduction cooperation modes are proposed between retailers and manufactuers.(4)An evolutionary game model is developed to examine the evolution of production and cooperational carbon emissions reduction strategies for retailers and manufacturers and investigate the stability of the equilibrium strateties of the evolutionary game.There are 42 figures,14 tables and 251 references in the paper.