| In order to promote the process of theoretical research and practical activities of the new rural ecological civilization construction effectively,the methods of literature research,logical deduction,Marxist materialist dialectics,and the unity of history and logic were used to study the new rural ecological civilization construction based on the perspective of Marxist ecological thought.Marxist ecological thought is an important part of Marxist scientific theory and a correct thought to guide the construction of ecological civilization.The theoretical research on the construction of the new rural ecological civilization must be consciously guided by it,and the practical activities of the construction of the new rural ecological civilization must consciously follow the relevant principles of Marxist ecological thought.Only in this way can the process of the construction of the new rural ecological civilization be smoothly promoted.In studying the classic works of Marx and Engels,it is found that Marxist ecological thought has four basic contents: Objective realism,dialectical development theory,demand power theory and Harmonious Co prosperity theory,which has laid a solid theoretical foundation for our new rural ecological civilization construction,provided rich ideological resources and given important practical enlightenment.This paper traced the historical situation of the new countryside,reviewed the development process of the new rural ecological civilization construction,and comprehended the basic content of the "five in one" construction and the preliminary results of the new rural ecological civilization construction.On this basis,the present paper comprehensively analyzed and summarized the latest research results and practical experience of ecological civilization construction in new rural areas,such as ecological village,civilized village and civilized ecological village.It is concluded that the construction of ecological civilization in new rural areas also has new contents,such as the characteristics of rational concept,ecological economy,political democratization,cultural custom,social urbanization,beautiful environment,regular activities and sustainable development.In the construction of new rural ecological civilization,we further compared the new specific contents of the construction of the new rural ecological civilization,and found that the construction of new rural ecological civilization has achieved remarkable results.At the same time,there are still seven aspects of difficulties and deficiencies in concept,economy,politics,culture,society,environment and mechanism.Therefore,in view of the main difficulties and deficiencies in the construction of ecological civilization in new rural areas,this paper carefully analyzed the causes,and proposed seven main path choices,including the rationalization of ideas,the ecologicalization of economic development,the democratization of political formation,the popularization of cultural cultivation,the urbanization of society,the beautification of environment and the normalization of mechanism.This paper mainly includez the following six parts.The first is the introduction.This paper mainly introduced the origin,purpose and significance of the program,research status,methods,concept definition,content,possible innovation and technical path.The second is the theoretical basis of the new rural ecological civilization construction.Marxist ecological thought is an important part of Marxist scientific theory.In studying the classic works of Marx and Engels,the basic content of ecological thought in the whole ideological and theoretical system of Marxism is comprehensively sorted out and summarized.It is found that Marxist ecological thought has gone through the process of gestation,generation,popularization and development,and its main content is as follows: Objective realism,dialectical development,demand power and Harmonious Co prosperity are four basic contents of the Marxist ecological thought.First,Marxist objective realism recognizes the existence of nature as the premise.On the basis of practice,human,nature and society are the three essential objective entities of human society and ecosystem.Based on certain needs,mankind is a social and high-level material life body with historical books and records,which consciously and purposefully carries out the double objectification activities of objectification of subject and objectification of object in social and historical practice,so as to gradually achieve the comprehensive and free development of personality.In order to survive,develop and improve better,human beings have to adapt to the natural ecological environment,exert their subjective initiative,carry out social practice activities,constantly understand the nature and transform the environment,so as to transform themselves.Nature is the sum of all kinds of material systems.On the one hand,nature always has the attribute of natural existence.On the other hand,it is a kind of human nature.Society is a lasting,stable and patterned relationship between man and nature,as well as the relationship between man and man formed in the process of continuous social activities.It is an extremely large and complex system,and a community of human existence with the premise and symbol of human existence.Second,Marxist dialectical theory of development holds that nature is the material world of eternal movement,change and development.The development and change of nature are the premise and basis for human beings to understand nature and obtain survival,development and perfection.All phenomena in nature are the unity of opposites,which transform each other under certain conditions,including material transformation,information exchange and energy transformation.Third,the Marxist theory of demand power holds that human needs are "human natural inevitability",which has its inherent historical stipulation.As long as human beings exist,there will be needs and needs will be met.These needs will become the medium of material exchange between man and nature as well as the link of communication between man and man.These needs promote each other in the practice or communication with man,forming a dynamic process of constantly promoting the development and evolution of human nature.The development history of human,nature and society is,to some extent,a history of continuous change and development of human needs.Without human needs,all human practical activities,all natural environment and all social relations will no longer exist.Therefore,people's needs are the fundamental motivation of people's formation,life activities,way of existence and law of development.The satisfaction of human's needs restricted by the natural environment and social relations are not only the fundamental driving force of human's life activities,but also the fundamental reason(basis)for the formation of human's subjectivity,initiative and creativity.With the continuous development of social productive forces,human society continues to move forward.With the advancement of social practice,human beings,natural environment and society constantly surpass the reality and change into the ideal state of existence.Therefore,human needs are the driving force for the development and progress of human society and the optimization of natural environment.Fourth,the Marxist theory of harmony and common prosperity holds that the great changes we are facing in this century are the reconciliation between human beings and nature as well as the reconciliation of human beings themselves.Only in this way,people can enjoy the life of human and natural ecological environment co-existence,Harmonious Co prosperity and sustainable development.In the aspect of connection,man,nature and society are generally connected as a whole.In the aspect of movement,the generation of human social history is the result of the continuous evolution of man and nature.In the aspect of development,the coordinated coexistence and Harmonious Co prosperity of man,nature and society are the ideal form of the game between man and nature.As the harmonious coexistence of human,nature and society,human presents a holographic state of individual group.As the nature" in the harmonious coexistence of human,nature and society,the state of integration of ecology and time and space.As the harmonious coexistence of human,nature and society,society is the unity of process and purpose.Later,other foreign Marxists' s ecological discourses such as environmental determinism,afforestation plan and ecological social system enriched and deepened Marxist ecological thoughts,while Chinese Marxists' s ecological discourses perfected and sublimated Marxist ecological thoughts such as water conservancy construction,afforestation,environmental productivity and life community.The third is the relationship between Marxist ecological thought and the construction of the new rural ecological civilization.Marxist ecological thought is an important part of Marxist scientific theory and a correct thought to guide the construction of ecological civilization.We must consciously take it as the guiding ideology when we carry out the theoretical research on the construction of ecological civilization in the new countryside,and we must consciously follow the relevant principles of Marxist ecological thought when we carry out the practical activities of the construction of ecological civilization in the new countryside.Only in this way can the process of the construction of ecological civilization in the new countryside be smoothly promoted.First of all,Marxist objective realism has laid a solid foundation of subject,object and position for the construction of new rural ecological civilization.First,in order to survive,develop and improve better,people in the new countryside must constantly strive to understand the nature and transform the ecological environment on the basis of adapting to the natural ecological environment of the new countryside,and liberate themselves from the plight of the natural ecological environment of the new countryside by giving play to their subjective initiative in the construction of ecological civilization in the new countryside.Second,people in the new countryside should not be the owners of the land,but only the occupiers and beneficiaries of the land.They should act as good parents to pass on the improved land to future generations,gradually explore the land system reform in the new countryside,and improve the mechanism to realize the equal exchange of land elements in urban and rural areas.Third,we are to realize the social transformation of the new countryside,and truly realize the harmonious and unified ideal social civilization form of the new countryside,which is based on the advanced social productive forces of the new countryside.Secondly,Marxist dialectical development theory provides effective dialectical guidance for the construction of new rural ecological civilization.First,we clarifies the general contact way of the new rural ecological civilization construction.In the construction of new rural ecological civilization,we must consciously respect,comply with and protect the natural ecological environment as the premise,take the harmonious coexistence of human and nature,human and society,human and human,nature and society as the purpose,and take the establishment of green production,life and consumption mode as the connotation,so as to guide the new rural people to embark on the road of sustainable development of human,nature and society.Second,we showed the eternal movement content of the new rural ecological civilization construction.The practice of the construction of ecological civilization in new countryside is the continuous material transformation,energy transformation and information exchange among people,nature and society in new countryside.Secondly,Marxist demand power theory pointed out the scientific demand power principle for the construction of new rural ecological civilization.First,we clarified the power source of new rural ecological civilization construction.In addition to the new rural advanced productivity,basic social contradictions,science and technology and management,class struggle and other driving forces,basic driving forces,important driving forces and direct driving forces,the new rural people's natural ecological environment demand constitutes the more fundamental driving force of the new rural ecological civilization construction.Second,we clarified that the basic standard of the construction of ecological civilization in new countryside is to provide healthy and beneficial work,abundant material life and leisure time and real and full freedom for all people in new countryside.So the new rural ecological civilization construction effect is recognized by the masses and stood the test of practice and history.Finally,Marxist theory of harmony and co prosperity showed a clear goal of harmony and co-prosperity for the construction of the new rural ecological civilization.Marxist theory of harmony and co-prosperity hold that human,nature and society are not only universally connected,but also an a whole that is in constant motion,constantly changing and developing,and a whole transformed by each other.It is clearly pointed out that the great change we are facing in this century is the reconciliation between human beings and nature,as well as the reconciliation of human beings themselves.Only in this way can people enjoy the life of harmonious coexistence,harmonious co-prosperity and sustainable development of human and natural ecological environment.At the same time,as the new rural ecological civilization construction continues to achieve results,we will also continue to verify,enrich and develop Marxist ecological thought.The fourth is the current situation of the new rural ecological civilization construction.We traced the historical situation of the new countryside,reviewed the germination,embryonic form,generation and development process of the new rural ecological civilization construction.We understood the basic contents of the five in one construction of the new rural ecological civilization,that is,to develop the new rural ecological economy,improve the new rural ecological politics,carry forward the new rural ecological culture,build the new rural ecological society,improve the new rural ecological environment,and understand the new rural life.Based on the preliminary results of ecological civilization construction,this paper comprehensively analyzed and summarized the latest research results and practical experience of ecological civilization construction in new rural areas,such as ecological village,civilized village and civilized ecological village,and concluded the new concrete contents of ecological civilization construction in new rural areas: rational concept,ecological economy,democratic politics,cultural customs,urbanization,social urbanization,beautiful environment,regular activities and mechanism normalization.At the same time,we will explore and establish the new mechanism of new rural ecological civilization construction,namely the new rural ecological civilization village assessment index system and the new rural ecological civilization village assessment index system.The fifth is the analysis of the difficulties and causes of the construction of new rural ecological civilization.Compared with the new specific contents of the new rural ecological civilization construction,we found that we have achieved remarkable results.However,we have seven aspects of deficiencies: the concept,economy,politics,culture,society,environment and mechanism.the first,we lack clear thinking and rational concept.In terms of concept,there are some problems,such as inadequate understanding,lack of public awareness of participation and incomplete establishment of the correct concept of new rural ecological civilization.Second,the production is simple and extensive.The economy lacks ecology and the main problems in the economy are the lack of motive force.The lack of economic development mode and the need to explore the value goal of the system.Third,the form of social organization is single and politics lacks democratization.In politics,the main problems are unclear rights and responsibilities of the main body,poor organizational function and poor governance effect.Fourth,the overall quality is not high,and the culture has not been popularized.In terms of culture,there are some problems,such as low level of general knowledge,wide gap of comprehensive literacy and backward cultural concept.Fifthly,the elements need to be developed,and the society has not reached the level of urbanization.In the social aspect,there are some deficiencies,such as the solidification of village(inhabitant)identity,the limitation of land function and the lack of social efficacy.Sixthly,the utilization and improvement are weak,and the environment is not beautiful.In the aspect of environment,there are mainly difficulties and problems of limited natural environment resources and artificial environment resources to be treated.Seventh,the system of laws and regulations is not complete,and the mechanism has not been normalized.In the aspect of mechanism,there are some omissions,such as incomplete laws and regulations,imperfect system and imperfect mechanism.The sixth is the path selection of new rural ecological civilization construction.In the construction of the new rural ecological civilization,there are still seven major difficulties and shortcomings in the construction of new rural ecological civilization.We seriously analyzed its formation and proposed the following seven road choices from the perspective of Marxist ecological thought.One is to ask for ideological understanding and complete the rationalization of ideas.In the concept of path selection,it is proposed to establish a dialectical view of nature,a reasonable consumption view and a correct view of the new rural ecological civilization.Respectively,we are to solve the ideological premise,public ideological foundation and fundamental ideological requirements of new rural ecological civilization construction.Second,we should improve the mode of production and make economic development ecological.On the choice of economic path,we puts forward the transformation and development of social productivity,the improvement and expansion of economic development mode,and the exploration and clarification of system value goal.Third,we should improve the organizational model and democratize politics.On the choice of political path,we puts forward the following measures: the definition and implementation of the subject right,the enrichment and broadening of the organizational form,and the formation and balance of multi-party coordination should be clarified.Fourth,we should improve the overall quality,culture and customs.On the choice of cultural path,we put forward such measures as the cultivation and improvement of cognitive level,the cultivation and improvement of comprehensive quality,and the recognition and cultivation of good customs.Fifthly,we should pay attention to the cultivation of key elements and complete the social urbanization.In terms of social path choice,it puts forward the ways of village people liberation,land liberation and social liberation.Sixthly,we should strengthen environmental improvement and beautify the environment.In terms of environmental path selection,we should put forward plans for the balance and coordination of natural environmental resources and the improvement and optimization of artificial environmental resources.Seventhly,we should improve the laws and policies system and normalize the mechanism.In the choice of mechanism path,it puts forward some suggestions,such as the perfection and implementation of legal system,the perfection and promotion of policies,and the establishment and operation of mechanism. |
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