Study On Social Capital And The Effect Of Rural Environment Governance

Rural environmental governance is an inherent requirement for the construction of a beautiful China in the new era,and it is also a key measure to implement rural ecological revitalization.In the context of urbanization and industrialization,while China ’ s rural economy and residents’ living standards have made remarkable achievements,water pollution,soil pollution and air pollution in many areas have become increasingly prominent,and the imbalance between rural economic development and environmental governance remains inconsistent.prominent.In recent years,China has actively promoted the strategy of rural green development.Through the implementation of a series of environmental protection laws and regulations from top to bottom,rural ecological environmental governance has achieved certain results.However,rural environmental governance has obvious characteristics of decentralization,complexity,and externality.Governance still faces multiple dilemmas of high government supervision costs,low returns from market scale,and insufficient incentives for residents to participate.Since the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the government has actively advocated that under the leadership of the Party Committee at the basic level,the role of village democracy should be improved,the mechanism of rural autonomy should be improved,and the positive role of social capital forms such as village regulations,social organizations and social norms in rural environmental governance,And increasingly become an important force in rural environmental governance.Therefore,straightening out the rural internal environmental governance dynamics and promoting the formation of a top-down and bottom-up environmental governance system and mechanism are of great practical significance for improving the modern rural governance system and promoting the modernization of the rural environmental governance system and governance capabilities.In theory,villagers’ participation in environmental governance cooperation is an autonomous decision-making process based on the village area.Due to the spillover characteristics of environmental governance,in the face of a situation where the benefits of environmental governance are shared by all but the costs of environmental governance are borne by individuals Under the circumstances,the individual rationality of villagers will lead to collective irrationality and thus fall into the predicament of collective action.Facts have proved that within the scope of the village based on the society of acquaintances,the social network formed by the trust relationship,reciprocity norms and geographical and blood relationship formed by the villagers through longterm contacts can combine individual choices and collective actions,thereby effectively promoting environmental governance cooperation And environmental governance performance.This is because good social trust reduces the cost of information transmission and environmental governance and supervision.Under the constraint of reputation concept,the trust contract of "believe you abide by the rules,I will also abide by the rules" can reduce the risk of uncertainty in individual decision-making,To increase willingness to cooperate in environmental governance.Social networks can promote the full development of information communication and exchanges within the village,promote the formation of common value demands of the villagers,and enhance the level of collective action and environmental governance willingness.On the other hand,social organizations can form a mechanism of moral pressure and reputation within the group to restrain or punish the uncooperative behavior of individual villagers,thereby improving the performance of rural environmental governance.Based on the above theoretical analysis,the main issues studied in the article include the following three aspects: First,social capital is an important driving force for grassroots villagers’ autonomy.What are the specific contents of the village and what is the stock? Second,can social capital significantly improve the effects of rural environmental governance? If so,what is the mechanism of its improvement? Third,because different villages are affected by differences in folk culture,natural geography and historical conditions,is there significant heterogeneity in the governance of rural environment by social capital? Based on the above research questions,the article builds an analysis framework for analyzing the effects of social capital and rural environmental governance based on the theory of autonomous governance,using 623 village samples from the 2012-2016 China Labor Force Dynamics Survey(CLDS)data to establish multiple linearity The regression model and the Logit model empirically test the influence of social capital on the effect of rural environmental governance and its mechanism,and give specific policy enlightenment based on the research conclusion.Specifically,the research content of the article mainly includes the following four aspects:First,the study found that rural environmental pollution was not obvious at the beginning of reform and opening up.After the 1980 s,rural environmental pollution has experienced different development stages of township industrial pollution-agricultural non-point source pollution-point source and non-point source pollution,until 2015.The rural environmental pollution problem was initially curbed around the year.Secondly,a descriptive analysis based on village data from 2012 to 2016 found that the overall level of rural environmental governance is low,rural water and air pollution problems are more prominent,and the environmental pollution situation is showing a trend of declining east-central-western environmental governance.Shows the imbalance within and between regions.Finally,the village social capital is measured and described based on exploratory factor analysis.The study found that: the current stock of social capital in villages is generally insufficient,and the overall trend is that it first rises and then declines.The level of village social trust is higher than the level of social organization and social network.The distribution of village social capital presents obvious interregional and intra-regional differences.Villages with abundant stocks are mainly concentrated in the Northeast,Central China,Northwest and Southwest regions,and villages with low stocks are mainly concentrated in Central China and South China;the social capital stocks of different villages in the same region Shows imbalance.On the whole,the current level of rural environmental governance is low,and the stock of social capital in villages is insufficient,showing obvious regional imbalance.Second,based on the Logit model and the multiple linear regression model,an empirical analysis of the impact of social capital on the effectiveness of rural environmental governance and its mechanism.(1)Benchmark regression analysis found that social trust and social organization can significantly improve the effect of rural environmental governance,and the role of social trust and social organization in improving water pollution and air pollution is more obvious,and the impact of social network on the effect of rural environmental governance Not obvious.Specifically,for every unit increase in social trust and social organization factor scores,the probability of environmental pollution in the village is reduced by 0.613 times and 1.433 times,respectively,and the village green coverage rate has increased by approximately 2.802%and 1.282%,respectively.The above benchmark regression results are still valid after using the "county-level social capital average" as an instrumental variable for endogenous processing and multiple robustness checks.(2)The analysis of heterogeneity shows that compared with united and scattered villages,social capital has a more obvious effect on improving the environmental governance of divided villages;compared with villages in economically underdeveloped areas,social capital can significantly improve the economy The environmental governance effect of villages in developed areas;compared with villages in the central and western regions,social capital has a more significant effect on the environmental governance of villages in the eastern region.Third,the article further uses the mediation effect and moderation effect model to analyze the mechanism of social capital to improve the effect of rural environmental governance.The study found that: social trust and social organizations can improve the effectiveness of rural environmental governance through villagers’ domestic sewage treatment,domestic waste treatment,and resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure.Social capital strengthens the village collective’s sense of belonging and the individual’s identity,village culture and value identity in the village collective.Personal reputation and supervision by others will make actors act motives that conform to the interests of the group,thereby increasing villagers’ participation in domestic sewage Disposal,domestic waste treatment and resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure.The adjustment effect analysis shows that the incentive-based environmental regulation and the guiding environmental regulation provided by the grassroots government can enhance the internal drive of social capital to improve rural environmental governance,that is,the effect of social capital in improving rural environmental governance is regulated and promoted by the government’s environmental regulations.Environmental regulation is a formal system provided by the government.By providing strict supervision and financial subsidies,it has strengthened the villagers’ emphasis on the value of the village’s resources and the environment,strengthened the villagers’ willingness to govern the environment while enhancing the trust and mutual benefit of the villagers,and improved the rural environment.Governance effect.Finally,the article puts forward policy recommendations to further improve the effectiveness of rural environmental governance from the perspectives of actively cultivating village social capital,coordinating informal village rules,enhancing the leading role of grassroots party organizations in party building,and strengthening grassroots environmental protection system construction.Based on the perspective of social capital,this article studies the formation mechanism of environmental governance cooperation between rural villagers and the specific effects of environmental governance.This provides experience for promoting the modernization of China’s environmental governance system and governance capabilities,and improving the practice of rural self-government and the social governance mechanism of multiple participation.Evidence and decision-making reference.