Research On Price Formation Mechanism And Pricing Of Natural Gas Trading Market In China

With the rapid growth of China's economic scale,the natural gas industry develops rapidly.But at the same time,the supporting pricing and supervision mechanism of China's natural gas market lags behind,which has become a bottleneck restricting the further development of the natural gas industry.Therefore,in recent years,China has deepened the reform of energy system and made great efforts to build a market-oriented natural gas market.From a global perspective,the pricing model of natural gas trading center based on gas and gas competition is the development trend of the pricing mechanism of natural gas in the world,and will also become the reform direction of the pricing mechanism of natural gas in China.As an important achievement in a series of reform measures,the establishment of oil and gas trading centers in Shanghai and Chongqing marks the initial formation of China's natural gas trading market,which lays a foundation for the formation of benchmark prices in China and even in the Asia Pacific region.But at present,the price formed by the natural gas trading center can not reflect the real value of natural gas,so it has a long way to go to form a market-oriented benchmark price of gas and gas competition through the trading center.Therefore,drawing on the advanced experience of foreign mature natural gas market and comparing with the current situation of domestic natural gas pricing mechanism,this paper defines the reform direction and implementation path of China's natural gas market,and puts forward the necessary conditions for establishing a market-oriented natural gas trading market.Based on the market-oriented natural gas trading market,the price formation mechanism system of natural gas trading market is constructed,which includes the supply side reserve price pricing mechanism,the demand side reserve price pricing mechanism and the benchmark price formation mechanism.The reserve price on the supply side is determined according to the principle of cost plus.Among them,according to the overall reform idea of "controlling the middle and liberalizing the two ends",pipeline transportation is not only the link that needs to strengthen price supervision,but also the key link of pricing mechanism reform in all links of the supply side industrial chain.Therefore,the management period evaluation method and service cost method are used to calculate the pipeline price before and after the reform of the pricing mechanism of this link.The influence of the pipeline load rate change,the total investment return rate change,the scale of new pipeline on the pipeline price and even the supply side reserve price is studied in a multi scenario way.It is considered that the reform of the pricing mechanism of pipeline realizes the effective price supervision of the pipeline link and avoids the pipeline enterprises In addition,it can reduce the price of pipeline transportation and reserve price on the supply side,and transfer the revenue from pipeline transportation to the downstream market.The reserve price on the demand side is determined according to the basic principles of natural gas value assessment.In view of the problem that the traditional natural gas value evaluation method does not consider the influence of political,environmental and economic factors and cannot accurately evaluate the reserve price on the demand side,the concept of generalized natural gas value evaluation is proposed.When calculating the reserve price of all kinds of users,the natural gas value evaluation method is improved,including policy impact factor,environmental impact factor and economic impact respectively the response factor improves the accuracy of the evaluation results.In the market-oriented natural gas trading market,the benchmark price is formed through the competitive pricing of gas and gas.Considering the particularity of China's natural gas market,this paper introduces the cooperative game theory to study the formation mechanism of benchmark price.With the goal of maximizing the cooperative income of the trading market,it allocates the income of each market participant,and then looks for the market benchmark price.At the same time,the cooperative game model of the trading market is constructed.According to the formation process of the benchmark price,the model is divided into three sub models,namely,model I-revenue optimization model,model II-Shapley value revenue distribution model and model III-benchmark price model.Based on the cooperative game model,this paper discusses the formation mechanism of the benchmark price of the trading market in different situations,in combination with various problems in the process of the reform of China's natural gas market and with the goal of maximizing the total social benefit.Finally,taking a region of Jiangsu Province as an example,this paper studies the price formation mechanism of natural gas trading market under the condition of marketization,and designs scenarios of various problems faced in the reform of natural gas marketization in China.Through multi scenario comparative analysis and sensitivity analysis,the implementation of gas source tagging by enterprises is more suitable for the Chinese natural gas market under the condition of marketization The regulation of the natural monopoly of the pipeline transportation link,the deregulation of the price in the downstream market,and the independent pricing by the market through the game are conducive to the continuous expansion of the market scale;the relevant departments of the state actively and effectively take various policies and measures to increase the policy support for the encouraged development of natural gas users,and take the policy measures to restrict or prohibit the discouraged development of natural gas users,It will be conducive to promoting industrial development;deregulation of price supervision will be conducive to the increase of market transaction volume and total social income,and at the same time,it will enable the market participants to obtain more income distribution,stimulate the enthusiasm of the participants in the transaction,and improve the market vitality.