The Research On The Innovation Of Sulfur Dioxide Emission Trading System In China

Since the reform and opening up,China's economic development has made remarkable achievements.However,in sharp contrast to the economic growth,China's environmental protection problems are becoming more and more prominent,especially the serious problem of acid rain,which restricts the sustainable and healthy development of China's economy.In 2019,among China's 469 cities(districts and counties)monitoring precipitation,the average frequency of acid rain is 10.2%,the proportion of acid rain cities is 16.8%,and the area of acid rain area is about 474000 square kilometers,accounting for 5.0% of the land area.Acid rain in China is mostly sulfuric acid rain,which is mainly caused by excessive emission of sulfur dioxide.It can be seen that the key to solve the problem of acid rain is to solve the problem of sulfur dioxide emission.The practice of sulfur dioxide pollution control at home and abroad shows that the construction of emission trading market is an effective treatment means,but the construction of emission trading market in China started late and is still in the pilot exploration stage.Most of the completed sulfur dioxide emission trading in China depends on the guidance of government departments.Enterprises have insufficient motivation to participate in sulfur dioxide emission trading,so it is difficult to form a market-oriented sulfur dioxide emission trading market.The main reason for this phenomenon is that China's current sulfur dioxide emission trading system is not perfect.Therefore,the research on the innovation of sulfur dioxide emission trading system in China has important theoretical and practical significance.Firstly,the innovation of sulfur dioxide emission trading system is an urgent need to improve the efficiency of China's pollution control.Only by timely innovating the sulfur dioxide emission trading system according to the changes of economic practice,can we meet the needs of air pollution control in system construction and escort China's air pollution control;Secondly,the innovation of sulfur dioxide emission trading system is an objective requirement to promote the continuous optimization and upgrading of China's industrial structure.Sulfur dioxide emission trading system will force production enterprises to comply with the trend of industrial structure upgrading,constantly improve production technology and reduce energy consumption,so as to reduce costs and improve enterprise profits;Thirdly,the environmental pollution caused by the emission of sulfur dioxide by production enterprises is a typical negative externality problem.Only by making the private cost and social cost of pollutant discharge enterprises consistent through reasonable institutional arrangements can we ensure that the output scale of pollutant discharge enterprises is at the reasonable level allowed by the market,Avoid the loss of social welfare caused by the deviation of enterprise production behavior from the Pareto optimal state of optimal economic efficiency;Finally,at present,the research on the theory of pollutant gas emission trading in Chinese theoretical circles mostly focuses on the theory of carbon emission trading,while the research on sulfur dioxide emission trading is relatively less.The research on the innovation of sulfur dioxide emission trading system is a useful supplement to the theoretical research system of China's emission trading.Based on the existing research results at home and abroad,this paper combs the evolution process of China's sulfur dioxide emission trading system,discusses China's sulfur dioxide emission trading system and its problems in its operation,and empirically analyzes the effectiveness of China's sulfur dioxide emission trading system,This paper examines the influencing factors of sulfur dioxide emission in China,and gives the innovative conception and design of sulfur dioxide emission trading system in combination with the actual situation of China.Specifically,the main conclusions of this paper are as follows:First,the sulfur dioxide emission trading system is currently in the pilot stage of continuous exploration in China,and still faces a series of problems.However,with the expansion of China's pilot of sulfur dioxide emission trading,China's sulfur dioxide emissions have decreased year by year,which reflects that China's sulfur dioxide emission trading system can play a positive role in sulfur dioxide emissions,Sulfur dioxide emission trading system helps to promote the coordinated development of environment and economy.Using the double difference model,this paper finds that the sulfur dioxide emission trading policy will have a significant negative effect on sulfur dioxide emissions,which also proves the effectiveness of China's sulfur dioxide emission trading system.Second,in order to formulate a more reasonable and effective sulfur dioxide emission trading system,it is necessary to clarify the main factors affecting China's sulfur dioxide emission,which is the result of the joint action of many factors.This paper adopts the method of empirical analysis to study the impact of industrial structure,population size,technical level,pollution control,foreign trade development,human capital,industrial development degree and energy consumption on China's sulfur dioxide emission.It is found that among the eight indicators selected in this paper,in addition to the level of foreign trade and population size,other factors can have a significant impact on sulfur dioxide emissions.Third,there are still many problems in the development of China's sulfur dioxide emission trading system,mainly including the lack of willingness of emission units to trade and the low efficiency of emission trading;The current trading mechanism is not perfect and can not give full play to the due market efficiency;The transaction management system and supervision system of government departments are not perfect.Therefore,to innovate China's sulfur dioxide emission trading system,we need to make joint efforts at the pollutant discharge unit level,market level and government level,carry out all-round innovation,and establish and improve China's sulfur dioxide emission trading system.Fourth,China should carry out the innovative design of sulfur dioxide emission trading system from the perspectives of emission units,market and government.In terms of total emission control of sulfur dioxide,the government should plan the trend of pollutant emission at the national level to control the total emission of sulfur dioxide;In the initial distribution of sulfur dioxide emission rights,we should ensure the fairness of distribution and ensure that all pollutant discharge units in demand can get the opportunity of distribution;In terms of sulfur dioxide emission trading rules,we should speed up the improvement of trading rules,define trading licensing standards,broaden trading scope and trading channels,streamline trading processes,and clarify the fluctuation range of trading prices;In terms of the supervision system of sulfur dioxide emission units,we should build an online automatic monitoring system,strengthen rewards and punishments,and accept public supervision;In terms of policy support for sulfur dioxide emission trading system,we should recognize the legal status of emission rights,improve the formulation of relevant laws and regulations,and provide legal guarantee for the innovation of sulfur dioxide emission trading system.