Research On Ecological Protection Compensation Mechanism Of Shennongjia National Park

The ecological protection compensation mechanism of national parks is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of national parks.It is an effective means to balance ecological protection and economic development between national parks and beneficiary areas.It has become an indispensable part of the construction of national parks.Since the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to build a natural reserve system with national parks as the main body,perfecting the compensation mechanism for ecological protection of national parks has always been an important content of ecological civilization construction.In recent years,the research on ecological protection compensation mechanism in various natural ecological fields has developed rapidly.However,since the construction of national parks is still in the initial pilot stage,there are relatively few studies on its ecological protection compensation.National parks also have the purpose of protecting the integrity of ecological authenticity and the special problems of land ownership,which make the compensation mechanism of ecological protection in national parks different from other protected areas.Each national park area is also actively exploring the mechanism of ecological protection compensation.At present,various national park pilot areas are also actively exploring and implementing ecological protection compensation mechanisms.Some areas have achieved certain results,but there are also many difficulties and problems in the implementation process.It is an important task to establish and perfect the ecological protection compensation mechanism of national parks in China.Therefore,the study of ecological protection compensation mechanism applicable to National parks in China is of great significance to improve the theoretical system and compensation mechanism of ecological protection in national parks.On the basis of systematically combing the domestic and foreign researches on ecological protection compensation mechanism of national parks,this study combined the theoretical basis related to ecological protection compensation of national parks and relevant experience abroad.Taking the Shennongjia National Park system pilot project as an example,this thesis investigated and analyzed the status quo and achievements of ecological protection compensation in Shennongjia National Park,and summarized the current problems in ecological protection compensation.This research proposes the content design of the ecological protection compensation in Shennongjia National Park,and establishes a national park ecological protection compensation standard accounting system including production opportunity cost,development opportunity cost and ecological benefit increment.Based on the research of Shennongjia National Park,the basic principle of ecological protection compensation of national park is put forward,and the framework of national park ecological protection compensation is constructed.This thesis introduces the incentive and restraint mechanism into the national park ecological protection compensation system,analyzes the basic operating principles of the national park incentive and restraint mechanism,and conducts a quantitative and simulation analysis on the Shennongjia National Park ecological protection compensation incentive and restraint mechanism through evolutionary game.Finally,the guarantee system of national park ecological protection compensation is discussed.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Through the investigation and analysis of the status and effectiveness of ecological protection compensation in Shennongjia National Park,it is found that the national park ecological protection compensation measures being implemented in Shennongjia are three types: compensation for electricity,compensation for wildlife disasters,and compensation for community industrial development.These three types of compensation measures have achieved certain results in the ecological protection and economic development of Shennongjia National Park,but some problems still existed through investigation,including: the complete ecological protection compensation system has not been established,the compensation standard does not reflect the ecological value of the natural resources of the national park,the compensation standard is low and lack of incentive mechanism,and a complete guarantee and support system is lacking.(2)According to the previous investigation,the content of ecological protection compensation in Shennongjia National Park is designed,including: Identify the stakeholders in the ecological protection compensation of Shennongjia National Park and analyze their benefits and losses.Clarify the content of ecological protection compensation,which is the opportunity cost compensation for the loss of the residents of the Shennongjia National Park community and the compensation for the increase in the value of the national park's ecosystem services.Reasonably calculate the compensation standard for ecological protection,and incorporate the development opportunity,production opportunity cost and ecological benefit increment of the Shennongjia area into the calculation system of the compensation standard.The theoretical value of the compensation standard is calculated to be 105.22+? million yuan,and the theoretical upper limit value is 9911.48 million yuan.According to the actual situation of Shennongjia,formulate ways and means of ecological protection compensation.(3)Quantitative and simulation analysis of the ecological protection compensation incentive and restraint mechanism of Shennongjia National Park shows that without external intervention,it is difficult for the national park and the higher-level government to achieve(protection,compensation)development strategies through their own evolution.Through the introduction of incentive and restraint mechanisms,under the optimal strategy conditions,national parks and horizontally beneficial areas can achieve the only(protection,compensation)stable strategy through their own evolution.the condition for the Shennongjia National Park to achieve(protection,compensation)stable equilibrium strategy is that the sum of incentive funds and unilateral penalty funds is greater than169.88 million yuan,and the sum of the incentive funds and the penalty funds of both parties is greater than 169.88 million yuan,and the unilateral penalty amount is greater than the penalty amount of both parties.Or the sum of incentive funds and unilateral penalty funds is greater than 169.88 million yuan,and the sum of incentive funds and both parties penalty funds is less than 169.88 million yuan and greater than 105.22 million yuan,and the unilateral penalty amount is greater than the penalty amount of both parties.(4)According to the design of the ecological protection compensation content and compensation standard of the Shennongjia National Park,the principles of national park ecological protection compensation are put forward,and the analysis framework of national park ecological protection compensation is constructed.It mainly includes the principle of compensation,the subject and object of compensation,the content of compensation,the standard of compensation,the mode and way of compensation,and the analysis of the operating mechanism of compensation for ecological protection in national parks.(5)The smooth implementation of the ecological protection compensation mechanism of national parks cannot be separated from the following guarantee systems.The first is to improve the laws and regulations of national park ecological protection compensation,including the establishment of national park ecological protection compensation high-level law and local implementation regulations.The second is to establish a national park ecological protection compensation supervisory agency,including the establishment of higher-level supervisory agencies and local supervisory agencies.The third is to improve the incentive and restraint mechanism of national park ecological protection compensation,including the establishment of evaluation and assessment institutions,and improve the incentive mechanism and restraint mechanism.The fourth is to improve the national park economic security system,including increasing state financial investment,establishing ecological welfare tax and social donation mechanisms,exploring diversified funding sources,establishing a financial planning and management system for national parks,and establishing an open social supervision mechanism.