| The national spatial territory is defined as a region governed by national sovereignty and sovereign rights, a site where citizens reside. With increasing population and rapid urbanization, the argument about various competitive usages of national territory space is escalating along with the increasingly serious spatial problem. Within the overall context of sustainable environment and population resources, the planning of national spatial territory becomes an overall scheme to coordinate the relationship between developing and utilizing the endowment of regional territory resources, socioeconomic activities, and the ecological environmental management and protection. It acts as an important role to improve the quality of life, manage resources, protect the environment and balance the development of regions. The comprehensive function of regionalization of national spatial territory is a core content and an important foundation for spatial planning on national territory. Furthermore, it is also a superior form of regionalization, which includes major factors such as land resources, population, socioeconomics and ecological environment. It can integrate multi-themed elements from different characters and different data sources on function perspective, accomplish comprehensive function by the regionalization of national spatial territory, and serve the complication of national spatial planning and implementation of relevant policies.Wuhan metropolitan area, one of the core cities of the rising central China, is located in the middle reaches of the Yangzi River and the east of Hubei province. Take Wuhan as center, the metropolitan area has regional cooperation with Wuhan city and the cities within100kilometers from Wuhan such as Huangshi, Ezhou, Xiaogan, Huanggang, Xianning, Xiantao, Tianmen and Qianjiang city. The agglomerations of these areas account for31.2per cent of the overall land area of Hubei province, and the permanent resident population of the area is approximately53.0%of the total in Hubei province while the regional GDP has a62.4%share of the regional GDP in Hubei province. The urbanization rate of Wuhan metropolitan area is at50per cent. However, the level of development in every individual city varies, resulting issues such as unbalanced development of regions, disordered spatial development, inefficient resource utilization and deteriorating environment.After analyzing the references, it shows that domestic and overseas scholars have carried out extensive researches about the regionalization of national territory space, including the evaluation unit, indicator system of regionalization, evaluation methods and model, and approach of regionalization. The research achievement contains abundant system of regionalization, based on the single theme regionalization, and currently the division on evaluation unit of comprehensive regionalization, establishment of index system and approach of regionalization are still at developing stage. The major function-oriented zoning is the origination in China; it is a form of comprehensive regionalization that can feature the main function. So far, it still lacks specific legal status and consideration of the multi-themed integration and multi-scale amalgam. Therefore, the research attempts to coordinate the multi-themed factors from the functional perspective of national territory, and develop the theory and practice research of comprehensive function of regionalization of the national spatial territory, which can meet the demand of different scales. The result of research mainly contains:(1) Reconstruction of the national spatial planning systemReconstruction of the national spatial planning system includes the horizontally layer and vertical layer. In horizontally layer, the national spatial planning consists of higher comprehensive planning. The five types of planning are urban and rural construction planning, national economic development planning, land-use planning, and infrastructure planning, ecological environmental planning are seen as the specialized planning of national territory spatial planning. The higher planning clearly determines the responsibility and content of various specialized planning. The planning of main functional area, geomorphologic division, climate regionalization and hydrological regionalization become the basis of the national spatial planning. The five specialized forms correspond to another five regionalized forms including urban and rural development regionalization, economic development regionalization, and land-use regionalization, infrastructure construction regionalization. The production function area of the comprehensive function regionalization of national spatial territory corresponds to the regionalization of present situation of land-use and infrastructure construction regionalization, the residential function area reflects the urban-rural development regionalization and economic development regionalization, whilst economical function area mates the ecological environment regionalization. In vertical lay, it has6levels that are national level, provincial level, and municipal level, county level, township level and village level from top to bottom based on the tier of establishment, implementation and assessment on planning. At national and provincial (regional) level, it is necessary to define the higher planning status of national spatial planning, and the planning agencies in addition to the upper level planning and special planning is no longer prepared to establish the more detailed planning. In the city, county and township level, establishing the land-use planning, economic development planning, urban planning, infrastructure planning and environmental planning based on the legal basis of higher national and provincial planning, while introducing a more detailed thematic planning such as urban regulatory detailed planning, mineral resources planning, power development planning, and the desertification planning. The planning of village scale currently in China is still in the exploratory stage; this level should focus on the consolidation planning of rural land, including the renovation of village residence and agricultural land remediation.(2) The function of classification system "production-living-ecology" on national territory spaceThe classification of national territory space is based on main functional areas, in terms of national spatial functional characteristics while connecting the urban land classification with land use classification. In order to fulfill the requirements of national spatial planning and integrated zoning, the national territory space builds a classification system of integrated function that features hierarchical controlling from "Production-living-ecology" perspective. According to the division and classification of the national territory space functions, it mainly reflects the methods of sustainable and balanced development while meeting the demand of scientific research about national territory status survey, planning, construction management and national territory statistics at both national and provincial level. In order to ensure a good classification of system, integrity and continuity, classification of national spatial territory takes forms in two categories. A class includes three types:production space, living space and ecological space; B class contains nine forms, which includes arable production space, woodland and orchard production space, grassland production space, mining production space and traffic production space; the living space includes urban living space and rural living space; the ecological space contains water space and other ecological space.(3) The Nomenclature of territorial units for statisticsThe research takes the provincial (regional) level of regionalization of national spatial territory as an example to explain the lowest division mechanism of Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics. From the division mechanism map of provincial (regional) valuation unit of national spatial territory, it can be seen that the division of provincial (regional) national spatial territory firstly pre-divides several county level administrations around the whole province (region) into several valuation units, then divides the initial group among the county level valuation units according to population and other current factors. Combining the prior knowledge such as protected areas, special policy areas and management of the importance to revise the group; finally integrates the county, county groups and protected areas to identify the Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics. After determining the Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics, in terms of the different stages of development and policies, different units can be given with different functions and policy point, while requiring a stable regionalization unit with changeable function and policy. From a national perspective, territorial units can be divided into three levels. The first and second level of territorial units serve to the national level of spatial territory planning and regionalization, the third level of territorial units is the basic valuation unit of planning and regionalization of provincial (regional) spatial territory. Combined with administration division of Wuhan metropolitan area and current situation of national territory space, divided a standard geographic unit based on the county administrative unit, and delimited the territorial units of Wuhan metropolitan area according to the correlation between population and economic activity. With the basis of socioeconomic development analysis of Wuhan metropolitan area, the population scope of a single third level of standard unit can be delimited not to be less than400,000. Thus, Wuhan metropolitan area generally divided into40valuation units of the third level territorial units, including34single-row unit of county administration,6group form of counties unit and1unit of ecological preservation area.(4) Index system of identification for the comprehensive function of national spatial territoryIndex system of national spatial territory regionalization is based on data of national spatial territory factors, including water, mineral resources, ecological environment and social economy and so forth. According to the characteristics of the element's consistency, which is affected by national spatial planning, and different characteristic among different regions and different types of national spatial territory elements, index selection will belong to functional expression of regional space. Build targets of index system expresses the connotations of three fields, which are quantity, structure and quality embodying various subject data, including land use, water resources, mineral resources, ecological environment investigation, social economy and other data. Evaluation index systems of comprehensive regionalization of national spatial territory are divided into three major categories:production, life and ecology, including38evaluation indexes. Index system of productive space includes seven factors:supply of agricultural products, supply of industrial products, supply of serving products, supply of forest products, supply of livestock products, supply of aquatic products. Index system of living space includes two factors:urban residence function and rural residence function. Index system of ecological space includes one factor:ecological adjustment. (5)Comprehensive function of national spatial territory expressed as a percentageThe traditional method of regionalization is build evaluation index system for each evaluation unit of the province (region) in index layers, then unified calculation and analysis throughout the whole province (region). However, this method goes against the multi-themed integration and the multi-scale fusion according to functional space, this research builds multifunctional expression form started from standard regional unit, and every unit has10expressions on functional space. The function merely has division of the strong and the weak; this situation is described by centesimal system. In order to achieve the transmission and transition between national spatial planning in different scales, this study expresses the spatial function of standard regional evaluation units as a percentage, only from the perspective of the functional data of national spatial territory. Although this description form seems biased towards quantification, it actually is a qualitative expression of national territory function, and that is due to the expression form as a percentage of national territory function does not adequately reflect relation between these10types of secondary functions of national territory space, productive, living and ecological space, but reflects the distribution of national spatial territory function to an extent, enabling the transition of scale in planning more easily.(6)Evaluation function of production-living-ecology in national spatial territoryThis study is based on expression analysis for the comprehensive function of national spatial territory while making full use of the percentages of the comprehensive function of national spatial territory, and combined the expert's knowledge and experiences. Therefore, determine the productive functional training samples are421018,421034and421036, living functional training samples are421001,421012,421021and421024, and ecological functional training samples are421005,421032and421040. BP model of neural network is introduced in this study to give an approach on evaluating national spatial standard evaluation units of productive function, living function and ecological function, and then determine the evaluation results of these three national spatial territory functions in Wuhan metropolitan area. According to the process of the accuracy inspection and the evaluation results of sample data, it is observed that BP neural network applied in this case is scientific and legitimate.(7) Comprehensive function of regionalization of national spatial territory based on dual-constrained clustering algorithmWhen using the spatial and attributive dual-constrained clustering analysis methods, we need to confirm the indexes attribute value, the spatial distance, the distance weights and attributive weights of clusters. Therefore, the attributive value of index is exactly the functional values of evaluation unit of production-living-ecology in standard area, which is calculated by the BP neural network; the spatial distance is calculated in terms of taking centroid of national spatial territory evaluation unit in standard area as coordinate point of evaluation unit; the distance weights include2categories:spatial distance weight and attributive distance weight. By analyzing the study's characteristics along with the forms of experimental data and making several attempts of calculation, the spatial distance weight and attribute distance weight are calculated as0.3and0.7respectively in the end. According to the percentage of spatial function and with the amendment of experts'experience, attributive weights values of productive, living and ecological functions are0.186,0.405and0.409respectively. The values are then followed by dual-constrained clustering algorithm under a Matlab platform, divide national spatial territory of study area into3regions, including Jianghan productive and living regionalization, Northeast Wuhan metropolitan area productive and ecological regionalization and Southeast Wuhan metropolitan area ecological and living regionalization, are divided into7sub-regions:East Wuhan metropolitan area productive and ecological regionalization of mining and forest, Dabie Mountain ecological and productive regionalization of forest, Southeast Wuhan metropolitan area productive and ecological regionalization of forest, Tongbai Mountain productive and ecological regionalization of agricultural land and forest, Liangzi Lake ecological and productive regionalization of waters and agricultural land, Jianghan living and productive regionalization of urban and agricultural land, Jianghan Plain productive and living regionalization of agricultural land. Each integrated functional sub-region is assigned four types of policy-orientation, which includes "Key Protection","General Protection ","General Development"and "Key Development",and engages with main functional regions of Hubei Province, the implementation of regional policy can guarantee the healthful and ordered national spatial territory development for Wuhan metropolitan area.The results will help not only deepen and improve the theoretical subject system, and are helpful to provide guidance for optimal allocation of regional national territory space, but also have a demonstration effect to the preparation of spatial plans and the empirical research of other regions, meanwhile have a practical significance for policy choice of different national spatial territory development. |
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