Research On China's New Energy Automobile Industry Policy Based On The Evolution Of Subsidy Model

As the intersection of green energy,smart grid,future travel and next-generation mobile communications,new energy vehicles are absorbing new demands,new winds,and new potentials in new technologies,new materials,green energy,power electronics,and advanced manufacturing.A fusion and innovation platform for many industries,driving the pillar-leading products of industrial upgrading.With the expansion of the new energy automobile industry,the problems of high research and development costs and difficult market promotion have caused widespread concern.Therefore,it is an inevitable choice to support the development of new energy automobile industry with policies.In this case,the new energy automobile industry policy came into being.The current new energy automobile industry policy is mainly based on various forms of subsidies.With the development of China's new energy automobile industry,the discussion and controversy arising from the subsidy practice are also increasing day by day,and the structural overcapacity caused by the subsidy of financial promotion and application causes problems.The relevant departments attached importance and adjusted the subsidies accordingly.However,there is still a lack of research on the effects,impacts and models of subsidies for new energy auto industry policies.Regarding the scope,strength,methods and targets of the existing new energy auto industry policy subsidies,there is still a lack of consensus on the model and strategy of future new energy auto industry policy subsidies.The policy issues supporting the development of new energy auto industry in the future remain to be resolved.Therefore,the research on the new energy automobile industry policy based on the subsidy model improvement has strong practical value.Under such background and problem orientation,this paper uses the game model framework and method to consider the impact of different new energy vehicle industry subsidies on market stability from a dynamic perspective,and studies the impact of double-point policy on the future development of China's new energy vehicle industry.The choice of supporting subsidy policies and subsidy models and strategies to promote the research and development of new energy auto companies.Specifically,the main research contents of this paper and their corresponding conclusions are as follows:(1)In the literature review section,the review of new energy vehicle industry policies and policy improvements are summarized;the papers on the research of subsidies for new energy automobile industry are sorted out,and the research elements,main research contents and conclusions are summarized;furthermore,the research on new energy vehicle subsidies and supply chain R&D is summarized.(2)In view of the optimization of subsidies for new energy automobile industry,a dynamic game model was constructed based on the branch theory of power system,and three subsidies for new energy vehicles were discussed,including: 1)R&D subsidies;2)market subsidies;3)mixed subsidies for market stability influences.Found: Firstly,the new energy vehicle R & D subsidies can stimulate corporate R & D investment,but the increase in subsidies will reduce market stability;Secondly,the incentive effect of new energy vehicle market subsidies on enterprise R&D investment is weaker than R&D subsidies,and excessive subsidies will reduce market stability;Finally,under the new energy vehicle mixed subsidy,the R&D subsidy is better than the market subsidy for the R&D investment of the enterprise.The stimulus effect on the corporate profit is inferior to the market subsidy,and the stability of the new energy vehicle market is better than the market subsidy.Based on this,the conclusions indicate that the market subsidy should be reduced,and the R&D investment of the corresponding enterprises should be “R&D investment interval subsidy” to reduce the R&D investment adjustment speed of enterprises to maintain market stability and promote the development of new energy automobile industry.(3)A supply chain consisting of new energy vehicle core component suppliers and vehicle manufacturers was constructed,and three new energy vehicle subsidies were discussed,including: 1)product subsidies;2)research and development subsidies;3)subsidies for products and R&D Impact on R&D investment of new energy auto companies in the supply chain.The results show that: First,in the initial stage of industrial development,subsidies for product and R&D are the best way to promote R&D efforts of new energy vehicle suppliers and manufacturers;Secondly,as the stage of industrial development changes the level of R&D capability of supply chain enterprises,the simultaneous subsidy of products and R&D is the best choice for improving suppliers.Product subsidies are the best choice for improving manufacturers;Finally,in the early stage of industrial development,only product subsidies have the best effect on lowering the price of new energy vehicles.After the growth of suppliers' R&D capabilities,subsidies for products and R&D are the best way.In the three cases,the government subsidy strategy is “reverse supplier cost”.In particular,when the product subsidies,the government adopts the “shun electricization effort sensitivity inverse manufacturer cost” strategy under the weak supplier,and the “reverse electric” under the strong supplier.Efforts to be sensitive to the cost of manufacturers" strategy;When developing subsidies,the government adopts the “anti-electricization effort sensitivity strategy” under weak suppliers and the “shun electricization effort sensitivity” subsidy strategy under strong suppliers on the premise of cost adjustment of manufacturers;At the same time,in the case of subsidies,the product subsidy should adopt the strategy of “shunning the sensitivity of the motorization effort against the manufacturer cost”,and the research and development subsidy should adopt the strategy of “shun the manufacturer cost”.(4)A supply chain consisting of new energy vehicle core parts suppliers and vehicle manufacturers was constructed,including: 1)product subsidies;2)R&D subsidies;3)product and R&D simultaneously subsidies these three ways,affecting the R&D efforts of new energy vehicles in the supply chain.The results show that: Firstly,there is an intervention mechanism for government subsidies,and when new energy vehicle supply chain enterprises have production capacity above designated size,the intervention of subsidies is triggered;secondly,in the embryonic period of the industry,subsidies for products and R&D are the best way to promote the R&D efforts of new energy vehicle suppliers and manufacturers.However,when the R&D capabilities of suppliers and manufacturers are differentiated into “supplier weak manufacturer strong”,the products subsidies are the best way;then,as the industry enters the growth stage,R&D subsidies are the best way to further promote the R&D efforts of new energy vehicle suppliers and manufacturers;after that,R&D subsidies are the best way to reduce the price of new energy vehicles and promote the promotion effect throughout the development stage of all industries;finally,the new energy vehicle supply chain subsidy has an exit mechanism,when the industry enters a mature period,triggering the withdrawal of subsidies.The government subsidy strategy under the three subsidies is affected by the consumer's recognition of new energy vehicles,the supplier's R&D cost coefficient,the manufacturer's R&D cost coefficient,and the supplier and manufacturer's cost.The product subsidy strategies under the three subsidies are all “reverse supplier R&D costs,reverse production costs” changes;the R&D subsidy strategy under the simultaneous subsidy mode of product and R&D ignores the changes in supplier R&D costs;R&D subsidies and R&D subsidy strategies under the simultaneous subsidies for product and R&D ignore the changes in production costs;the government should examine the development of the industry and the social cognition of new energy vehicles to determine and adjust the subsidy strategy.(5)Summarizing the evolution,subsidy model,advantages and disadvantages,historical characteristics,and influence of new energy automobile industry policies in the United States,Germany,and Japan over the years.Through the comparison of horizontal policies and the analysis and research of China's new energy automobile industry policy,this paper summarizes the industrial policy subsidy model that is more suitable for China's economic practice and corresponds to the development stage of different industries.(6)Sorting out the industrial policies related to subsidies in China's new energy vehicles over the years,firstly divide the different stages in chronological order,secondly the basis for the formulation of the new energy automobile industry policy in different stages,the subsidy model,the government's thinking,characteristics and evolution are based on the evolution of subsidies as the axis to link the relevant important new energy automobile industry policies,analyze the changes in government preferences,policy ideas,and subsidy regulations brought about by different stages,different industry development ideas,and different responses to the industry,finally according to the development stage that China's new energy automobile industry has already passed,and the future development trend,the new stage energy industry policy of the previous stage will be analyzed,and the next stage of subsidy policy will be proposed.