Study On Pricing Model And Benefit Distribution Of Private Charging Pile Sharing For Electric Vehicles

Based on energy conservation,emission reduction and strategic development needs,Chinese government has introduced a series of policies to support the development of the electric vehicle(EV)industry.In 2009,China developed EVs as one of the seven strategic emerging industries.Affected by the policy,China's EV production and sales have been rapidly increased.The use of a large number of EVs stimulates a huge demand for charging.China will build 4.8 million charging piles by 2020 to meet the charging needs of 5 million EVs,according to a 2015 guideline on the development of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles(2015-2020).However,there are two contradictions in the utilization of EV charging infrastructure in China.On the one hand,EV owners are faced with "charging difficulty",and the construction of charging facilities is difficult to meet the continuously and rapidly growing demand for charging.On the other hand,private charging facilities in residential areas have low utilization rate and long idle time.The development of information technology in the era of "Internet+" makes the sharing economy develop rapidly and also provides basic technical conditions for the operation of private charging piles.Private charging pile sharing can improve the utilization rate of private charging piles,alleviate the contradiction between urban charging supply and demand,provide diversified charging options for EV users,reduce the number of public charging facilities,bring benefits to the stakeholders,which achieves a win-win situation.Therefore,based on the operation mode of private pile sharing,this paper constructs the pricing model of private charging pile sharing and proposes the benefit distribution model of private charging pile sharing.The main research contents are as follows:(1)The research results and basic theories of EVs,the development of charging infrastructure,and private charging pile sharing were sorted out,and the feasibility and necessity of private charging pile sharing were demonstrated,highlighting the background and significance of the research.Firstly,this paper summarizes the research contents and relevant research status at home and abroad from the four dimensions of charging facility development planning,charging behavior choice,charging pricing mechanism and orderly charging and discharging mode.Then,based on clarifying the concept and characteristics of sharing economy,the definition of private charging pile share operation is clarified.Finally,combining with the game theory,this paper explains the key problems of private charging pile sharing.Such as the determination of charging price and the solution of sharing benefit distribution,which provide theoretical basis for the follow-up research.(2)A pricing model of private charging pile sharing considering consumer behavior choice was proposed.Firstly.this paper analyzes the factors of charging behavior choice of EV consumers.and constructs a hierarchical structure of influencing factors of charging behavior choice of EV consumers,including economy,rapidity.connection,convenience and safety.Secondly,the five influencing factors are quantified to build a probabilistic non-aggregate model of consumer charging choice.Then,by introducing the non-cooperative game model,the two-matrix game model of private charging pile sharing and public charging pile is established.Finally,a case study is conducted to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed model,and the sensitivity analysis of key factors is conducted to provide a reliable method support for the effective implementation of private charging pile sharing charge pricing.(3)This paper constructs a pricing model of private charging pile sharing considering the mode of government subsidy.Firstly,this paper analyzes the economy of private charging pile sharing financial subsidy,and explains the role of government subsidy intervention in the pareto optimization of private charging pile sharing charging resource allocation,and then proves the necessity of private charging pile sharing financial subsidy.Second,entrust-agent theory is introduced to demonstrate the private charging pile sharing subsidies in the two kinds of principal-agent relationship,including the EV owners and implicit government commissioned-agent relationship,and the government and the private commissioned-agent relationship between sharing operator,put forward according to the operators operating efficiency for government subsidies.Finally,the evaluation index system of operating efficiency of private charging pile sharing was proposed,and the pricing model of charging sharing for private piles based on the efficiency level was constructed,and the influence of different parameter factors on the operating pricing of Shared private piles was analyzed.(4)The pricing model of private charging pile sharing considering the guiding charging strategy is constructed.Aiming at the difficulty of operators' operation and management caused by large-scale participation of EV in private charging pile sharing,the regional private pile sharing dynamic charging pricing mechanism is studied.Firstly,according to the charging characteristics and travelling rules of EV s,the charging guiding process of EVs is proposed.Secondly,the guiding charging function of private charging pile sharing is constructed,and the benchmark charging electricity price is created.On this basis,the regional dynamic charging electricity price mechanism is designed.Finally,the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed model are verified by a numerical example.(5)Designed the benefit distribution model of private charging pile sharing.First,analyze the behavior of private charging pile sharing core stakeholders,including the government,operating platform,private charging pile owner and property,and clarify the roles and purposes of each participant.Secondly,based on the principles of benefit sharing and risk sharing,the index system of private charging pile sharing benefit distribution is established from the three dimensions of risk,resource input and service quality.Then.based on clarifying the applicability of Shapley value in private charging pile sharing benefit distribution,the cloud barycenter evaluation method is used to solve the problems of randomness and fuzziness in the evaluation process,and the cloud model is introduced to improve Shapley value operation.Finally,the effectiveness and rationality of improved Shapley value method in private charging pile sharing benefit distribution is proved by example analysis.