On The Characteristics And Influencing Factors Of Plant Community In Rural Settlements Of Bamboo Areas In Zhejiang Province

The plant landscape of rural settlement as an important part of rural human settlement environment plays an important role in improving human settlement environment,shaping rural landscape style and carrying rural ecological culture.The study on the characteristics of plant community in rural settlement and their influence mechanism is helpful to reveal the characteristics of plant landscape in rural settlement and to construct rural ecological landscapes with a sense of nostalgia.Zhejiang Province,which was selected in this study,is located in the coastal areas of southeastern China with a relatively developed economy,and is in the forefront of the country in the construction of beautiful villages.The forest coverage rate is as high as 61.17%,and the total area of bamboo forest accounts for 14.29% of the whole country.The types of rural settlements are very rich.For example,there are not only well-preserved,simple and natural villages with small bridge and flowing water,but also new villages with a strong sense of rearrangement,careful design and strong modern sense.In the rural settlement area,the organic combination of tree and village,bamboo and residence,with distinctive features is an ideal place to be studied about the plant landscape of rural settlement,especially the bamboo landscape.In this paper,a total of 60 rural settlements in different geomorphological areas such as hills,mountains,basins and plains were investigated,and the distribution patterns of settlement buildings and plant patches were analyzed based on Arc GIS and FRAGSTATS software platform,and the differences among topographic areas were compared.Based on field investigation,with the combination of high-definition satellite images and DEM images,the characteristics of settlement elevation,shape,building height,architectural style and their influence on the distribution pattern of plant community were analyzed.This paper analyzes the bamboo species selection,bamboo use and its continuation and distribution characteristics in rural settlements to reveal the function and evolution law of bamboo landscape in rural settlement plant landscape under the background of rural bamboo forest distribution area.The main results are as follows:(1)From the 60 rural settlements in this survey,the overall form of rural settlements in Zhejiang Province are mainly agglomeration and band with tendency to agglomeration which account for 73.33%.Rural settlement areas are mainly ordinary settlement function,accounting for nearly 80%,which are mostly within the 20 ha,generally small,flat terrain,scattered in the mountains and forests,and the overall ecological environment of the settlement are good.(2)From the overall style and features of rural settlements,the study areas are mainly traditional settlement which account for more than 50%,so the traditional settlement landscape is better retained.Generally speaking,the orientation of the settlement buildings is southward,southeast and southwest.Especially in the plain area,the southward construction of the settlement is as high as 90%.There are significant differences in settlement building coverage,building density and building proximity in different topographic areas.The shape and size of the internal and external space of the building were affected by architectural characteristics which reflected the social attributes of residents to a certain extent,and the characteristics of plant environment and diversity were affected by a variety of mixed factors.(3)There are abundant plant species in rural settlement areas,and the plant diversity index is hilly settlement > mountain settlement > basin settlement > plain settlement.A total of 595 species of plants were recorded,belonging to 140 families and 421 genera,including 157 species of trees,118 species of shrubs,300 species of herbs and 20 species of vines.A total of26 species of bamboo were recorded.And 77 species of exotic species was recorded,accounting for 12.96%,including 6 species of trees,8 species of shrubs and 63 species of herbs.(4)The dominant trees in rural settlements are mainly Cinnamomum camphora,Osmanthus fragrans and Diospyros kaki,indicating that in the selection of tree species,multiple functions such as ecological,landscape,cultural,economic and so on are more valued in the settlement area.(5)Bamboo is widely used in rural settlement areas,especially in hilly and mountainous areas where bamboo resources are rich,and its proportion in plant area is higher,mainly Dendrocalamus jiangshuiensis,Phyllostachys glauca and Phyllostachys praecox,etc.,indicating that the bamboo forest landscape in rural settlement areas is affected not only by the green space of rural settlements,but also by the continuation of peripheral bamboo forests greatly.(6)In terms of spatial distribution of plant patches in rural settlements,there were significant differences in tree patch area and bamboo patch area in different areas,but there was no significant difference in shrub patch area.The overall proportion of bamboo patches in landscape area is hilly settlement > mountain settlement > basin settlement and prototype settlement.On the whole,the settlement is mainly composed of medium and low vegetation coverage,in other words,the vegetation coverage is less than 46%;the bamboo coverage of most settlements is less than 20%,and the density of bamboo patches is less than 20 ha,and the settlements with higher bamboo coverage are mainly distributed in hilly and mountainous areas of Zhejiang Province.There is a significant difference in the green amount of trees and shrubs,but there is no significant difference in the contribution rate of bamboo green and bamboo green.(7)In the hilly and mountainous areas,the distribution of plant patches is more concentrated on the two-dimensional plane due to the large height difference,while the distribution of plant patches in the plain area is more scattered.The difference of bamboo patch distance between the settlements with large elevation difference is small,that is,the distribution is more uniform.The settlement shape has a certain influence on the distribution of bamboo patches.The banded finger settlement goes deep into the bamboo forest in the village,and the distribution of bamboo patches is relatively scattered,which can contain a large area of bamboo patches in the scope of the study.(8)The influence of topographic division on plant community structure is the most prominent,and due to factors such as climate and terrain,the distribution of plant communities is quite different.The ability to explain the attributes of settlement itself is lower than that of topographic regionalization.However,the relative location and shape of settlements in the same area still have a certain impact on the distribution of plant communities.Among the architectural factors,courtyard has a greater impact on plant diversity.According to the results of this survey,the overall plant community diversity of rural settlements in Zhejiang is relatively high,and the natural landscape features of the settlements are maintained well.The settlement attributes and human residential construction activities have a significant impact on the plant communities.Therefore,the construction of ecological environment should be conformed to the topography and residential construction activities such as building height should be carried out appropriate regulation based on the premise of fully respecting the wishes of residents' production and life.Avoiding urbanization thinking and excessive pursuit of plant diversity,the sustainable development of the settlement ecological environment will be achieved.