| The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that the main contradiction in Chinese society has been transformed into a contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development.In the high-quality development of tourism and the construction of China’s tourism power,the contradiction between supply and demand is still an important issue that needs to be resolved in the development of China’s tourism industry.Due to the regional differences in the level of tourism development,some regions face many contradictions in terms of the supply capacity and quality of tourism products.To realize the regulation of the contradiction between tourism supply and demand,it is necessary to coordinate the promotion of high-quality transformation and utilization of cultural tourism resources,so as to promote the balance of tourism market demand and space supply.Promote the high-quality development of tourism,realize the improvement of the quality and efficiency of cultural tourism in the new era,break the uneven pattern of inter-regional tourism development,and break the "spatial misalignment" between tourism resources and tourism economy.This is to achieve high-quality tourism development and building a tourism power An important question that cannot be avoided.Will the space-time compression effect caused by high-speed rail bring new development opportunities to regions with abundant tourism resources but a relatively lagging tourism economy?Will the space-time compression effect caused by high-speed rail help solve the problem of regional tourism development imbalance and tourism supply and demand?This has become an important proposition to be solved urgently in the study of tourism geography.Based on this,the article takes space-time compression as the background,and is guided by classical theories such as factor endowment theory,space dislocation theory,space-time compression theory,comparative advantage theory,and point axis theory.The article is based on the real development needs of high-quality tourism development,structural reforms on the tourism supply side,cultural tourism integration,and high-quality tourism development.First,construct a cultural tourism resource evaluation index system with the same scale,the same standard,and the same index.It is the first attempt to include the main cultural resources in the tourism resource endowment evaluation category,and scientifically evaluate and analyze the dynamic change characteristics of the cultural tourism resource endowment,the levelof tourism economic development and the location and transportation advantages of the national scale from 2008 to 2018.Subsequently,the study used the factor endowment theory to measure and identify the comparative advantages of cultural tourism resources in various provinces,and constructed an evaluation index system for the conversion and utilization efficiency of cultural tourism resources including resource elements,capital elements,and human elements.The DEA-Malmquist model is used to quantitatively evaluate the dynamic historical evolution characteristics of the conversion and utilization efficiency of cultural tourism resources in various provinces and the spatial differentiation between provinces.The research further builds a space mismatch model of cultural tourism resources,trying to strip away the influence of other related factors,revealing the space mismatch and the degree of deviation between the two from the indicators of cultural resource endowment and tourism economic income,and clarifying the cultural tourism resources and tourism economy in various regions The relationship between development and scientific calculation of the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of cultural tourism resources "space mismatch".In order to more scientifically and comprehensively identify the dynamic utilization characteristics and space mismatch of cultural tourism resources in various provinces,the research is based on the research conclusions of Chapter 2,Chapter 3,and Chapter 4,combined with the comprehensive efficiency of cultural tourism resource utilization in various provinces and regions from 2008 to 2018.The relative combination of Malmquist index(TFP),comparative advantage of tourism resources,and misalignment coefficient.From four dimensions,the transformation and utilization status of cultural tourism resources in various provinces and the space mismatch type structure were spatially identified,and the transformation and utilization status and space mismatch characteristics of various types of cultural tourism resources were sorted out.Finally,a deconstructive analysis of the relationship among comprehensive efficiency,space mismatch and comparative advantage is carried out.On this basis,in order to detect the spatial heterogeneity of the factors affecting the space mismatch of cultural tourism resources in different geographic units,the GWR model was constructed to conduct geographic detection and identification of the factors and spatial relationships of the dislocation of cultural tourism resources in different regions,combined with the GWR analysis results,To systematically analyze and sort out the influence mechanism and action mechanism of the space mismatch of cultural tourism resources.Based on the characteristics of low efficiency,rapid growth,high advantages,and strong dislocation(potential type)in the transformation and utilization of cultural tourism resources in Gansu Province,that is,the comprehensive transformation efficiency of cultural tourism resources is low,and the Space mismatch is serious,but the growth rate is relatively fast.It has a relatively high comparative advantage,shows a better development trend and greater development potential,and location traffic has a significant inhibitory effect on the Space mismatch of cultural tourismresources in Gansu Province.Therefore,Gansu Province is selected as a research case.Using raster cost analysis,weighted average travel time,inverse distance weighted interpolation(Inverse Distance Weight),Baidu big data analysis and other methods to determine the intra-provincial and inter-provincial accessibility levels and social psychology of cities and major attractions in Gansu Province Measure and simulate the level and space-time compression effect;based on the micro-scale,analyze the space-time compression effect and type characteristics of the spatial dislocation of cultural tourism resources in Gansu Province;Based on the micro-scale,analyze the spatial-temporal compression effect and spatial differentiation of the Space mismatch of cultural tourism resources in Gansu Province;build a tourism market based on the changes in the accessibility of tourist attractions in Gansu Province under the influence of high-speed rail and the influencing factors of the tourism supply and demand market The supply and demand potential space model calculates the supply capacity and demand potential of the tourism market in and outside the 14 cities,prefectures and provinces of Gansu Province,and further analyzes and identifies the dynamic evolution characteristics of the supply and demand potential of the tourism market in Gansu Province and the types of market supply and demand under the background of space-time compression.Use the principal component analysis method to evaluate the comprehensive level of cultural tourism development of the cities and prefectures in Gansu Province,combine the different spatial effect characteristics of the high-speed rail,identify and classify the tourism spatial effect categories of the cities and prefectures in Gansu Province,and combine the rank-scale rule analysis method.The evolution characteristics of the tourism spatial pattern in Gansu Province before and after the opening of the high-speed rail will be revealed.Finally,it will deconstruct and comb the relationship between Space mismatch,space-time compression effect,tourism market supply and demand potential,and comprehensive level of tourism development and the mechanism of action,and then conduct research on how to achieve Space mismatch governance and high-quality transformation and utilization of cultural tourism resources.Main research conclusions:(1)According to a ruler and a set of standards,the study conducts a dynamic,objective and scientific quantitative evaluation of the cultural tourism resource endowment,tourism economic advantage,and location transportation advantage of China’s 31 provinces.From 2008 to 2018,the high-value areas of location and transportation advantages were mainly concentrated in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Yangtze River Delta,and North China Plain.With the continuous improvement of the high-speed railway network,the transportation location advantages of the central and western inland areas have also been continuously improved;2008-2018 Areas with high levels of tourism economic development are mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas such as the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta.The tourism economic development level of the central and western provinces represented by Sichuan,Henan,Guizhou,Hunan,Yunnan,and Jiangxi has been continuouslyimproved.In 2008-2018,areas with high endowment of cultural tourism resources were mainly concentrated in Zhejiang,Sichuan,Henan,Guangdong,Shandong,Hunan,Hubei,Jiangsu,Yunnan,Fujian,Guizhou and other provinces.On the whole,the transportation advantage of various provinces and autonomous regions has shown a dynamic evolution throughout the country from 2008 to 2018,and the accessibility of the central and western inland areas has been continuously improved;the spatial solidification pattern of tourism economic development has been broken,with Guizhou,Yunnan,Henan,The inland provinces represented by Jiangxi are gradually rising;the endowment of cultural tourism resources did not show obvious temporal and spatial evolution characteristics during 2008-2018,and the endowment of cultural tourism resources in various provinces is relatively stable..(2)The transformation and utilization efficiency of China’s cultural tourism resources showed fluctuating development characteristics from 2008 to 2018.The efficiency level has alternately evolved in decline and growth,but the overall growth trend has been maintained.The Malmquist productivity index has an average annual growth rate of 18.2% from 2008 to 2018,which shows that the overall development and utilization efficiency of China’s cultural tourism resources is constantly improving.With the improvement of economic and social development and the increase of people’s tourism consumption demand,it has accelerated In response to the transformation and upgrading of cultural tourism consumption and the supply-side structural reforms in the field of cultural tourism,the regulation of the contradiction between the supply and demand of cultural tourism products in recent years has promoted and forced the continuous improvement of cultural tourism resource efficiency to a certain extent.The Malmquist Productivity Index in 2012-2013 and2013-2014 was lower than the average of 1.182,and dropped by 8% and 7%respectively from the previous year,indicating that the development and utilization efficiency of China’s cultural tourism resources at this stage has dropped and stagnated.The contradiction between supply and demand of cultural tourism became prominent at this stage,but then it entered a stage of steady improvement.Calculating the comparative advantages of cultural tourism resources of various provinces and regions found that the top 10 provinces are Tibet,Guizhou,Qinghai,Heilongjiang,Henan,Jiangxi,Jilin,Inner Mongolia,and Gansu,indicating that the development of tourism in these regions should pay more attention to the endowment of cultural tourism resources.China’s comparative advantage needs to be transformed into a competitive advantage.The bottom five provinces are Shanghai,Beijing,Guangdong,Hainan,and Liaoning.It can be found that these regions are mainly distributed in the economically developed areas along the eastern coast,and their cultural and tourism resource endowments relative to the input of capital and labor factors are no longer available.Comparative advantages,but these provinces have promoted the healthy and sustainable development of tourism through suitable development methods,and realized the transformation from the comparative disadvantage of cultural tourism resources to the advantages of tourism industry development.(3)The strong resource dislocation areas from 2008 to 2018 were mainly concentrated in the inland areas of northwest China,including Tibet,Xinjiang,Qinghai,Gansu,Ningxia,Heilongjiang and other places.Areas without resource dislocation include Liaoning,Beijing,Tianjin,Chongqing,Guangdong,Shandong,Zhejiang,Jiangsu,Chongqing,Shanghai and other provinces.The spatial distribution of weak resource dislocation areas is mainly concentrated in the central provinces,including Heilongjiang,Jilin,Inner Mongolia,Shaanxi,Shanxi,Sichuan,Yunnan,Guangxi,Hainan,Hebei,Henan,Hunan,Hubei,Fujian,Anhui and other provinces;Analyzing the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of cultural tourism resources dislocation from 2008 to 2018,it is found that the strong dislocation area of cultural tourism resources has not changed significantly in 11 years,and the strong resource dislocation phenomenon presents a solidification characteristic.In 11 years,the dislocation of weak resources has been effectively suppressed.Yunnan,Guizhou,Sichuan,Guangxi,Guangdong,Jiangxi,Hebei,and Shanxi have changed from weak resource dislocation areas in 2008 to no resource dislocation areas.The dislocation phenomenon of cultural tourism resources from 2008 to 2018 generally presents the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of "weak resource dislocation areas continue to decrease,non-resource dislocation areas gradually increase,and strong resource dislocation areas stagnate and solidify".The space mismatch of cultural tourism resources differs greatly in the country’s spatial distribution,showing a differentiation pattern of "high in the inland northwest and low in the east coast",and polarization is more prominent.The space mismatch of cultural tourism resources has moved eastward as a whole since 2008.The main trend from 2008 to 2013 is to move eastward,and the main trend from 2013 to 2018 is to move northeast.It is worth noting that the center points of the standard deviation ellipses in 2003,2008 and 2018 all fell within the territory of Gansu Province.This study combines the relative combination of the comprehensive efficiency of cultural tourism resource utilization in each province from 2008 to 2018,Malmquist Index(TFP),comparative advantage of tourism resources,and dislocation coefficient to classify the form of cultural tourism resource utilization efficiency.The transformation and utilization of cultural tourism resources and space mismatch types in 31 provinces and regions are divided into 8 types: strong,potential,accumulating,weak,borrowing,vigorous,struggling,and weak.(4)The GWR model analysis results show that location transportation,basic service facilities,macro policies,and consumption levels can effectively restrain the space mismatch of cultural tourism resources.Location transportation advantage reflects the accessibility and location advantage of a region.Location transportation advantage determines the associated efficiency and accessibility between tourist destinations → ← tourist sources.Tourist destinations provide The main body of tourism products,tourism services,and tourism resources,and the source of tourists determines the structure and scale of tourists.With the improvement of location traffic conditions and the increase of accessibility,the space compression effect effectivelyshortens the time and space cost between tourist source and destination.With the increase of time and space compression effect,geographic distance is no longer Becoming a "spatial displacement barrier" has a strong inhibitory effect on the space mismatch of cultural tourism resources.The compression of time and space has continuously increased the inhibitory effect of traffic location conditions on the space mismatch of cultural tourism resources,especially in the western inland areas.Location traffic has a negative impact on the space mismatch of cultural tourism resources in Tibet,Qinghai,Gansu,Ningxia,Yunnan,and Sichuan.The inhibitory effect is still very significant.(5)The space mismatch coefficients of cultural tourism resources in different regions of Gansu Province in 2013 and 2018 showed different temporal and spatial evolution characteristics,and the "double-edged sword" characteristics of the time-space compression effect of high-speed rail began to become prominent.The phenomenon of cultural tourism resource dislocation from 2013 to 2018 generally presents the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of "there are fewer strong resource dislocation areas,no resource dislocation stagnation and solidification".The opening of the high-speed rail has led to a significant time-space compression effect in the space mismatch of cultural tourism resources in the cities and prefectures of Gansu Province.The opening of the high-speed rail has effectively suppressed the space mismatch in Tianshui,Longnan,Gannan,Dingxi,Zhangye and other places,but it has aggravated the space mismatch of Jinchang and Qingyang.The space of cultural tourism resources in areas such as Baiyin and Linxia are dislocated.The inter-provincial space-time compression effect of Gansu Province has formed a high-low-high-low-high-low-high spatial differentiation pattern from southeast to northwest.The opening of the high-speed rail has greatly promoted the accessibility of the southeast of Gansu and Hexi.The space-time compression effect in Gansu Province is manifested as a high-low-high spatial differentiation pattern from the southeast and northwest with Lanzhou as the center..The main scenic spots in Gansu Province have the most obvious space-time compression effect in the southeast of Gansu,Longdong,and Hexi,which form low-value areas in the Gannan Plateau.The space-time compression effect is weak;the opening of the Lanxin High Speed Railway and the Baolan High Speed Railway has led to Gansu Time and space changes in the supply and demand potential of the provincial tourism market.From the perspective of the change rate of all market demand potentials inside and outside the province,the market supply potential of Tianshui,Zhangye,Longnan,Lanzhou and other cities and prefectures has increased significantly,and Jinchang,Baiyin,Wuwei,Pingliang,Linxia and other cities and prefectures have experienced negative growth;high-speed rail cities have a siphon effect There are Lanzhou,Jiayuguan,Zhangye,and Jiuquan;cities with diffusion effect are Pingliang,Gannan,Wuwei,Tianshui,Dingxi,and Longnan;cities with filtering effect are Jinchang,Baiyin,Qingyang,and Linxia.The cities with the siphon effect are mainly located in the Hexi area,and the cities with the diffusion effect are mainly concentrated in the southeastof Gansu province,except for Wuwei.The cities with filtering effects are distributed in Hexi,Longzhong,and Longdong regions.The space-time compression effect not only improves the accessibility of tourist destinations and overcomes the geographical space distance,but also narrows the psychological perception distance between tourists and tourist destinations.Breaking the original competitive situation of tourism market supply and demand pattern and tourism development level,leading to the dislocation of cultural tourism resources and presenting new temporal and spatial differences.Cities that are close to core cities and do not have the core tourist attraction are compressed by the time and space effect of high-speed rail By filtering,the spatial shielding effect of areas that are farther from the high-speed rail and whose accessibility level is relatively low is further amplified.The Space mismatch of cultural tourism resources,space-time compression effects,tourism market supply and demand potential,and the overall level of tourism development have the characteristics of temporal and spatial differentiation.The mutual effect decreases with the increase of spatial distance,and with time and space The compression effect and the level of accessibility continue to increase.The research conducted a scientific division and spatial identification of the transformation and utilization types of cultural tourism resources in various provinces,and systematically analyzed and sorted out the temporal and spatial characteristics,influence mechanism and action mechanism of the space mismatch of cultural tourism resources.This research has theoretical reference and research reference significance for identifying the causes of space mismatch and clarifying the internal influencing factors and mechanism of space mismatch at different scales at macro and micro levels.The study clarifies how the improvement of location transportation and accessibility under the background of time-space compression affects the development of regional tourism.By revealing the spatial effects of regional tourism development and the characteristics of time-space evolution under the background of time-space compression of high-speed rail,analyze the impact of time-space compression of high-speed rail on the tourism destination market The impact of supply and demand potential.It further clarifies the correlation effect and influence mechanism of time and space compression-space dislocation-market supply and demand-tourism development.Under the background of space-time compression,this research supplements the research content of tourism space mismatch management and high-quality transformation and utilization of tourism resources,and provides scientific basis and practical reference for solving the tourism space mismatch in the central and western regions and realizing high-quality tourism development. |
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